Advanced Medical Terminology – Neurology & Urology Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering neurological and urological medical terms, common abbreviations, and word roots, prefixes, and suffixes from the lecture notes.

Encephalitis

Inflammation of the brain

Myelomalacia

Softening of the spinal cord

Thalamotomy

Surgical incision into the thalamus to relieve pain

Meningocele

Protrusion of spinal meninges through a defect in the spine

Gliomatosis

Abnormal growth of neuroglia in the brain or spinal column

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

A test that detects electrical activity in the brain

Polysomnography (PSG)

A sleep study to diagnose sleep disorders

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Stroke; disruption of blood flow to the brain

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

A disease causing hardening of nerve tissue

Tourette Syndrome

A nervous system disorder involving repetitive movements or unwanted sounds

Stereotactic Surgery

A precise three-dimensional guided surgical method

Analgesics

Medications used to relieve pain

Anticonvulsants

Drugs used to prevent seizures

Cystitis

Inflammation of the urinary bladder

Pyelonephritis

Inflammation of the kidney due to infection

Nephrosis

Non-inflammatory kidney disease

Dysuria

Painful or difficult urination

Polyuria

Excessive urination

Urinalysis

Laboratory test of urine to detect disorders

KUB

X-ray of kidneys, ureters, and bladder

ESWL

Use of shock waves to break urinary stones

Dialysis

Mechanical filtration of blood when kidneys fail

UTI

Infection in any part of the urinary system

Wilms' Tumor

Childhood kidney cancer

Nephrectomy

Surgical removal of a kidney

Lithotomy

Surgical removal of stones

Antibiotics

Drugs that destroy or inhibit bacteria

Diuretics

Drugs that increase urine production

encephal/o

Root meaning brain

-itis

Suffix meaning inflammation

myel/o

Root meaning spinal cord

-malacia

Suffix meaning softening

thalam/o

Root meaning thalamus

-tomy

Suffix meaning incision

mening/o

Root meaning meninges

-cele

Suffix meaning hernia or protrusion

gli/o

Root meaning glue or neuroglia

-matosis

Suffix meaning abnormal growth

electr/o

Root meaning electricity

-gram

Suffix meaning record

poly-

Prefix meaning many

somn/o

Root meaning sleep

-graphy

Suffix meaning process of recording

cerebr/o

Root meaning brain

vascul/o

Root meaning vessel

-ar / -etic/ ic

Suffix meaning pertaining to

a-

Prefix meaning without

my/o

Root meaning muscle

troph/o

Root meaning nourishment

scler/o

Root meaning hardening

-osis

Suffix meaning abnormal condition

stere/o

Root meaning three-dimensional

-tactic

Suffix meaning arrangement

an-

Prefix meaning without

algesi/o

Root meaning pain

anti-

Prefix meaning against

convuls/o

Root meaning seizure

-ant

Suffix meaning agent

cyst/o

Root meaning bladder

pyel/o

Root meaning renal pelvis

nephr/o

Root meaning kidney

dys-

Prefix meaning painful or difficult

ur/o

Root meaning urine

-ia

Suffix meaning condition

urin/o

Root meaning urine

-lysis

Suffix meaning separation or destruction

bladder (abbr.)

Abbreviation referring to the urinary bladder

extracorporeal

Outside the body

shock

Wave (in context of shock wave)

lithotripsy

Stone breaking procedure

dia-

Prefix meaning through

urinary

Tract infection (abbreviation context)

-ectomy

Suffix meaning removal

lith/o

Root meaning stone

bio

Root meaning life