Functionalists and Marxists view on education

Functionalists

Sociologists that believe education serves essential functions for society, including socialization, integration, and preparation for roles.

Marxists

Sociologists who analyze society through the lens of class struggle and economic inequalities, emphasizing how education perpetuates capitalism.

Secondary socialisation

The process through which individuals learn the norms and values of a wider society, typically occurring in places like school.

Universalistic standards

Standards applied to all individuals, promoting equal treatment under the law and preparing students for wider society.

Particularistic standards

Standards that apply to individuals based on their specific social group or family context, recognizing their unique qualities.

Correspondence principle

The concept that structures and relationships in schools mirror those in the workplace, preparing students for future employment.

Hidden curriculum

The implicit lessons learned in school that are not directly taught, such as values and social norms.

Social solidarity

The sense of belonging and collective responsibility that education aims to create among individuals within society.

Ideological State Apparatuses (ISA)

Institutions, like schools, that propagate the ruling class's ideology and contribute to the reproduction of class inequality.

Meritocracy

The belief that individuals can achieve success based on their abilities and effort, suggesting a fair and just society.

Role allocation

The process in which society assigns individuals to different roles based on their skills and abilities, ideally reflecting their talent level.

Specialist skills

Advanced skills necessary for an economy with a complex division of labor, which education is responsible for teaching.

Myth of meritocracy

The belief that success is solely a result of individual effort, disregarding structural inequalities that impede equal opportunities.

Bowles and Gintis

Sociologists who argue that the education system prepares students for capitalist work environments while promoting conformity and obedience.

Davis and Moore

Sociologists who propose that inequality is necessary to ensure that the most capable individuals occupy the most important positions in society.

Class inequality

The disparities in access and opportunities based on social class that affect individuals' educational and occupational outcomes.

Streamed education

The practice of grouping students based on perceived ability, often reinforcing existing social inequalities.