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(1603- 1625); Elizabeth died without an heir; Mary Stuart's son inherited the throne and united England and Scotland
James 1
disagreed on “divine right of kings” (his absolute rule)
James 1 and Parliament
disagreed that the king is head of the church
James 1 and Puritans
(1611) ordered the translation of the Authorized or King James Version of the Bible
King James 1
England colonized Jamestown, VA (Virginia)
1607
England colonized Plymouth
1620
(1625-1649)
Charles 1
refused to give Charles the money he wanted, so he took it from the English people through taxes and laws
Parliament
signed by Charles reaffirming the rights of the people
Petition of Rights
In 1629, Charles dissolved Parliament; He became an absolute ruler in England
Eleven Years Tyranny
in 1630, many puritans fled England to start what colony?
Massachusetts Bay Colony
(1642) Roundheads vs. Cavaliers; Parliament’s supporters were the Roundheads and the king’s supporters were the Cavaliers
English Civil War
the leader of Parliament’s armies; his army was known as the “Ironsides”
Oliver Cromwell
turning point of the Civil War (Ironsides won)
Battle of Marston Moor
final major defeat of the Cavaliers
Battle of Naseby
declared King Charles 1 guilty of treason and had him beheaded
Rump Parliament
England’s republican government under Cromwell
Commonwealth
Cromwell’s government after he dissolved Parliament; he made himself “Lord Protector”
Protectorate
wrote Paradise Lost, England’s greatest epic
John Milton
wrote Pilgrim’s Progress, England’s greatest allegory
John Bunyan
England’s greatest epic
Paradise Lost
England’s greatest allegory
Pilgrim’s Progress
Oliver Cromwell’s weak successor
Richard Cromwell
son of Charles 1 who restored the monarchy in England
Charles II
secret agreement between Charles II and Louis XIV to make England Catholic
Treaty of Dover
leaders of Parliament who opposed Charles II
Whigs
Catholic king after Charles II
James II
overthrew James II and became the protestant King and Queen of England
William III and Mary II
permanently established English traditional political liberties
English Bill of Rights
the “Glorious Revolution” or the “Bloodless Revolution”
1688
the last Stuart monarch in England
Anne
England and Scotland united to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain
1707