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define the law of demand
when the price of a product increases, the quantity demanded will decrease
define price elasticity of demand
how responsive the change in quantity demanded is to the change in price
state the formula for PED
PED = (%ΔQD) / (%ΔP)
price elasticity of demand = percentage change in quantity demanded / percentage change in price
state the type of elasticity if PED = 0
define this type of elasticity
state what the gradient of this type of elasticity would look like
perfectly inelastic
the quantity demanded is completely unresponsive to any change in price
gradient = 0 (perfectly vertical)
state the type of elasticity if -1 < PED < 0
define this type of elasticity
state what the gradient of this type of elasticity would look like
relatively inelastic
a large change in price causes a smaller change in quantity demanded
gradient = constant and negative, gradient < -1
state the type of elasticity if PED = -1
define this type of elasticity
state what the gradient of this type of elasticity would look like
unitary elastic
a change in price causes an equal change in quantity demanded
gradient = constant, negative, -1
state the type of elasticity if PED < -1
define this type of elasticity
state what the gradient of this type of elasticity would look like
relatively elastic
a large change in price causes a larger change in quantity demanded
gradient = constant and negative, gradient > -1
state the type of elasticity if PED = infinite
define this type of elasticity
state what the gradient of this type of elasticity would look like
perfectly elastic
the quantity demanded falls to zero to any change in price
gradient = 0 (perfectly horizontal)
state the determinants of PED
state how a high value of these determinants effects PED
substitute availability
high availability = high PED
product addictiveness
high addictiveness = low PED
product price in proportion to income
high proportion = high PED
time period
longer time period = high PED