Unit 2 Test review

Primary treatment

Uses mechanical devices Bar screens catch large debris Waste material settles to the bottom of large tanks, other waste is skimmed off the top (scum)

Secondary Treatment

Uses biological process Bacteria and fungi on large plastic plates digest organic matter Bacteria in aeration tanks break down more pollutants

Tertiary Treatment

Water passes through fine filters of sand and ground coal to remove smaller waste particles Disinfection is the final step

Septic Tank

Location is Rural areas

Application is Smaller amounts of waste, such as single-residence

Parts - Tank, Leach Field

Environmental Advantages is no electricity needed

Environmental disadvantages is Manages small amounts of waste. Tank must be pumped out every 5-10 years

Sewage Treatment plant

Location is Urban or Suburban areas

Application is Large amounts of waste from many households and businesses

Parts - Primary, Secondary, Tertiary

Environmental Advantages is Manages wastes from urban areas some sludge can be used as fertilizer

Environmental disadvantages is Release of inorganic nutrients into waterways Sludge must be removed

The Nitrogen Cycle Steps ( Def)

1) Nitrogen Fixation - The process that converts nitrogen gas in the atmosphere (N2) into forms of nitrogen that producers can use.

2) Nitrification - The conversion of ammonia (NH4) into nitrite (NO2) and then into nitrates.

3)Nitrogen Assimilation - the process by which produces incorporate elements into their tissue.

4) Nitrogen Ammonification - the process by which fungal and bacteria decomposer breakdown the organic nitrogen.

5) Denitrification -The conversation of nitrite (NO3) in a series of steps into the gases nitrous oxide (NO2)

Carbon Cycle

Co2

Photosynthesis

Animal respiration

organic carbon

Decay organism

Dead organism waste products

Fossil fuel

plant respiration

Auto and factory emissions

phosphate cycle

Rocks containing Phosphate

Weathering

Incorporation into animals

Waste and decomposition

Plant uptake

phosphate reserve

Leaching