CSDS 101 Exam 2

Cognates

closely related sounds that can be substituted for each other (“looked as “lookt”)

Closing phase (stop consonant)

articulators move toward one another

Stop phase

air impounded and occurs at various places of articulation

Plosive phase

aspirated or unaspirated sounds produced by a complete closure in the vocal tract, followed by a sudden release of air.

/p/

voiceless, bilabial, stop-consonant

/d/

voiced, lingua-aveolar, stop-consonant

/b/

voiced, bilabial, stop-consonant

/t/

voiceless, lingua-aveolar, stop-consonant

/k/

voiceless, lingua-velar, stop-consonant

/g/

voiced, lingua-velar, stop-consonant

what is intrusion

when an extra sound is added between words to make them easier to say and connect

what differentiates nasal phonemes from one another

differences in place of production

/m/

voiced, bilabial, nasal

what is the homorganic relationship with /m/

/p/ and /b/

/n/

voiced, lingua-aveolar, nasal

homorganic relationship with /n/

/t/, /d/, /s/, /z/, /l/

/ng/

voiced, lingua-velar, nasal

syllabics

consonants with vowel-like qualities that can function as syllables in certain phonetic contexts

fricatives

produced with partial blockage of the airstream creating turbulent airflow, resulting in a hissing or buzzing sound.

where does fricatives occur

at the level of the glottis within the oral cavity

/f/

voiceless, labio-dental, fricative sound produced by placing the lower lip against the upper teeth.

/v/

voiced, labio-dental, fricative

/θ/

voiceless, interdental, fricative

/ð/

voiced, interdental, fricative

/s/

voiceless, lingua-alveolar, fricative

/z/

voiced, lingua-aveolar, fricative

/ʃ/

voiceless, lingua-palatal, fricative

/ʒ/

voiced, lingua-palatal, fricative

/h/

voiceless, glottal, fricative

what is frontal distortion

when a person produces the sounds /s/ and /z/ by pushing their tongue between or against their front teeth

what is lateral distortions

when someone produces the /s/ and /z/ by allowing air to escape the sides of their tongue

Affricates

phonemes that combines a stop-consonant followed by a fricative

what is obstruent

a speech sound that is created by obstructing airflow from the lungs /k/, /dʒ/, and /f/

why do phoneticians prefer to write this phoneme with the two components touching?

to show that a combination of a stop and a fricative that functions as one unit within the syllable structure, rather than two sounds

/tʃ/

voiceless, alveopalatal, affricate

/dʒ/

voiced, alveopalatal, affricate

Liquids

consonants produced with minimal friction and smooth movement

Liquid letters

/l/, /ɹ/

Glides

articulators move in a smooth gliding motion

Glide examples

/w/, /j/

Approximants

a speech sound made when two articulators in the vocal tract come closer together but not close enough to create friction

/ɹ/

voiced, alveo-palatal, liquid

/l/

voiced- lingua-alveolar, liquid

/w/

voiced, bilabial lingua-velar, glide

/j/

voiced, lingua-palatal, glide

tongue positions for /ɹ/

the tongue bunches up in the middle, and the tip of the tongue curls back toawrds the throat

common contexts for intrusion of glide phonemes

when an extra sound is placed between two words in order to make them easier to say ex: “i am happy” intrusive /j. between ‘i’ and ‘am’