Chapter Fourteen

blephar/o

eyelid

conjunctiv/o

to bind together, conjunctiva

cor/o

pupil of the eye

dacry/o

tear

ir/o

iris

kerat/o

cornea, hard

myring/o

membrane, eardrum

ocul/o

eye

ophthalm/o

eye

opt/o

eye

ot/o

ear

retin/o

retina

rhin/o

nose

scler/o

sclera, hard

asthen/o

weakness

presby/o

old age

sinus/o

sinus, cavity

stigmat/o

point

extern/o

exterior

mastoid/o

resembling a breast

med/o

middle

audi/o

hearing

labyrinth/o

maze, inner ear

tympan/o

eardrum

sensory receptors

Specialized cells unique to each sense organ that respond to a particular form of sensory stimulation.

retina

the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information

equilibrium

blockage of nerve impulse transmission to the brain

asthenopia

eyestrain

blepharoptosis

drooping of the upper eyelid

blepharitis

inflammation of the eyelid

blepharoplasty

surgical repair of the eyelid

leukocoria

abnormal appearance of a white film in the pupil

ophthalmalgia

eye pain

ophthalmorrhagia

hemorrhage of the eye

amblyopia (lazy eye)

a dimness of vision or the partial loss of sight, especially in one eye, without detectable disease of the eye

strabismus

cross-eyed

cataract

clouding of the lens of the eye

Conjunctivitis (pink eye)

Inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, characterized by redness and often discharge

dacryolithiasis

presence of hard formations (stones) in the tear system

dacryocystitis

inflammation of the lacrimal sac

dacryosinusitis

inflammation of the lacrimal apparatus and the adjacent sinuses

detached retina

separation of the retina from the choroid in the back of the eye; can be caused by injury, tumor, or hemorrhage

diplopia

the perception of two images of a single object; also known as double vision

glaucoma

increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision

hordeolum (stye or sty)

(stye) red, painful pustule that is a localized infection of hair follicle at eyelid margin

chalazion

a nodule or cyst, usually on the upper eyelid, caused by obstruction in a sebaceous gland

iritis

inflammation of the iris of the eye

keratitis

inflammation of the cornea of the eye

macular degeneration (AMD)

Age related process in which the macula degenerates overtime from fatty waste deposits that accumulate in the retina.

ophthalmomalacia

abnormal softening of the eye

ophthalmoplegia

paralysis of the eye (muscle)

retinopathy

degenerative disease of the retina

diabetic retinopathy

damage to the retina as a complication of uncontrolled diabetes

refractive errors

defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye, causing an improper focus on the retina

myopia

nearsightedness

hyperopia

farsightedness

presbyopia

impairment of vision as a result of old age

astigmatism (Ast)

defective curvature of the refractive surfaces (cornea or lens) of the eye

emmetropia (Em)

normal condition of the eye

cataract extraction

surgical removal of a cataract

intraocular lens (IOL)

artificial lens implanted within the eye during cataract surgery

phacoemulsification (PHACO)

method to remove cataracts in which an ultrasonic needle probe breaks up the lens, which is then aspirated

corneal grafting

injured cornea is removed and replaced by implantation of a donor or synthetic cornea

cryopexy

fixation using cold (used to repair detached retina of the eye)

scleral buckling

a procedure to repair a detached retina. A strip of sclera is resected, or a fold is made in the sclera. An exoplant is used to hold and buckle the sclera

dacryocystorhinostomy

creation of an artificial opening between the tear sac and the nose

LASIK (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis)

laser procedure that reshapes the corneal tissue beneath the surface of the cornea to correct astigmatism, hyperopia, and myopia

optometrist

a person skilled in testing for defects of vision in order to prescribe corrective glasses

ophthalmologist

physician who studies and treats diseases of the eye

radial keratotomy (RK)

surgery with spokelike incisions in cornea to flatten it, done to correct nearsightedness

anacusis

complete deafness

hyperacusis

overly sensitive hearing

paracusis

partial loss of or impaired hearing

otalgia

ear pain

otorrhagia

bleeding, or hemorrhage, from the ear

otorrhea

abnormal drainage from the ear

tinnitus

A buzzing or ringing in the ears.

vertigo

Condition of dizziness, "room spinning"

cholesteatoma

collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear

mastioditis

inflammation of the mastoid process

Meniere's disease

disorder of inner ear causing vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss

otitis

inflammation of the ear

otitis media (OM)

inflammation of the middle ear (also called tympanitis)

otopathy

diseases of the ear

otosclerosis

hardening of the bony tissue of the middle ear

presbyacusis

gradual loss of hearing with advancing age

audiologist

one who studies and specializes in hearing

audiometry

process of measuring hearing

cochlear implant

electronic transmitter surgically implanted into the cochlea of a deaf person to restore hearing

mastiodectomy

excision of the mastoid process of the temporal bone; performed to treat nonresponsive otitis media

mastiodotomy

incision into the mastoid bone

myringoplasty

surgical repair of the eardrum

myringotomy

incision into the eardrum

otology

study of the ear (a branch of medicine that deals with diseases of the ear)

otoscope

instrument used for visual examination of the ear

tympanometry

measurement (of movement) of the tympanic membrane

tympanoplasty

surgical repair of the eardrum