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Pulpit
A raised platform in which priests delivered sermons with wraparound narrative reliefs depicting biblical themes
Renaissance
Philosophical, artistic, and cultural movement in 15th century Europe marked by growing concern with the natural world, the individual, and the ancient classics
Humanism
A code of conduct with chief concerns surrounding human values and interests being distinct from (but not opposed to) religious values; pointed to classical cultures and praiseworthy
Fresco
Painting with augmented plaster, useful for large areas, colors tend to be less saturated because of mixture with while plaster
Tempera
Pigment mixed with water and egg whites, durable with more saturated color compared to fresco
Burgundy
A powerful and fertile east-central region of France most prominent during the 15th century; cultural center for art commissions
Polyptychs
Hinged, multi paneled painting or relief panels typically used in altarpiece
Oil Painting
A characteristically Northern European painting technique that developed in the 15th century; could create richer colors and more subtle graduations of tone which gave the illusion of glowing light and glistening surfaces
Book of Hours
Manuscript commonly owned by 14th-15th century European aristocracy where prayers were assigned to certain times of year
Artwork created by transferring a design on a metal plate, wood, or stone block onto a sheet of paper; includes relief and engraving techniques
Linear Perspective
The projection of measurable objects on flat surfaces that converge on a vanishing point on an axis of the composition
Imitation
The starting point for young artists training with a basis of copying, Renaissance artists thought the best way to learn and develop a style was through this technique
Emulation
The step after imitation, using features and techniques of other artists as a springboard for individual improvements or innovations
Triumphal Arch
In Roman Architecture, a free standing arch commemorating an important event like a military victory; popularity grew again during the Renaissance
Neoplatisism
The Dutch artists Pier Mondrains theory of ‘pure plastic art’: an ideal balance between the universal and the individual by using abstract formal vocabulary
Doric
Type of Greek/Roman architectural system characterized by capitals with funnel shapes and columns without bases
Ionic
Type of Greek/Roman architectural system characterized by capitals, columns with bases, and an uninterrupted frieze
Capital
The uppermost section of a column that transitions the shaft to the lintel
Cornice
Any crowning projection; a projecting and crowning piece of an entablature that frames the pediment
Pediment
The triangular space at the end of a building formed by the ends of the sloping roof above the colonnade
Barrel Vault
A vaulter masonry roof or ceiling
Nave
A central area of a church demarcated from aisles by piers or columns
Transept
The part of a church where an axis crosses the nave at a right angle (forming a cross shape)
Apse
A recess (usually semicircular) in the end wall of a church
Relief (Woodcut)
Type of printmaking where ink does not go in rivets, crosshatching is used to create contrast/shadow, and has limitations on thickness/thinness of lines because of fragile material
Intaglio (Engraving)
Printmaking technique where ink goes in rivets that were cut on a smallish plate, able to create thin lines, plate surface gets covered in ink which is then wiped away to reveal the design
Portraiture
Type of secular art form that grew popular during the Renaissance, was a way for artists to both assert themselves as individuals and demonstrate their talents to possible clients
Lunette
A semi-circular area/painting in a wall over a door, niche, or window
Central Plan Church
Horizontal arrangement of the parts of a building where parts of the structure are of equal or almost equal dimensions around the center
Sfumato
The technique of allowing tones and colors to shade gradually into one another, producing a softened and smoky effect
Spandrel
The almost triangular space between the shoulders of adjoining arches and the ceiling or molding above them
Paragone
Debate in the Renaissance in which painting, sculpture, and (to an extent) architecture were each championed as forms of art superior and distinct from one another
Chiaroscuro
Shading/contrast technique in painting, Italian for ‘the play of light and dark’
Reformation
A 16th century religious, political, and cultural movement beginning in Northern Europe with reformers like Martin Luther and John Calvin questioning the church's ability to define Christian practices
Protestantism
A branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenants of the Protestant Reformation, believed that salvation is attained only through faith in Jesus and his atoning sacrifice
Counter Reformation
Efforts in the 16th century to oppose the Protestant Reformation and reestablish the Catholic Church, art served to emphasize hierarchy, involve viewer in the art, and creating a sense of potential movement
Indulgence
A distinctive feature of the Catholic Church that granted full/partial remission of punishment for sins through some sort of payment (mainly monetary)
Iconoclasm
The destruction of religious or sacred images during the Protestant Reformation
Idolatry
The worship of someone or something other than God as if it were God
Anamorphic Image
Type of image common in the mannerist movement; deliberate image distortion that requires a special device like a cylindrical mirror or looking at the piece from an acute angle to recognize the image
Colonnade
A series or row of columns (usually spanned by a horizontal support) across the top of a door or window
Baldacchino
A canopy on top of columns, frequently built over an altar
Genre Painting
A form of genre art that depicts aspects of everyday life by portraying ordinary people engaged in common activities
Momento Mori
An artistic/symbolic trope with roots on classical philosophy that acts as a reminder of the inevitability of death
Tenebrism
Technique associated with Caravaggio; painting in a ‘shadowy manner’ using violent contrasts of light and dark that create a sort of spotlight effect
Quadro Riportato
Transported painting, refers to the form of a wall painting for a ceiling design in which a painted scene created in a panel resembles a composition on the surface of a shallow curved vault
Stucco
A plaster like material consisting of lime, sand, water, and other ingredients; can be used for covering walls or for architectural decoration
Medieval Art Characteristics
Heavy focus on religious content, not trying to represent an individual or an aesthetic through painting but more of a concept/narrative for educational purposes, stiff and elongated figures, repetitive patterns, emphasis on hierarchy
Renaissance Art Characteristics
Exploration of the individual and their traits becoming as important as religious art, artistic looking back on techniques of classical cultures, more naturalistic depictions of details and size through mathematical techniques like linear perspective
Reformation Art Characteristics
Distrust in religious art with covert religious content, interested in Protestant values (less emphasis on hierarchy, act of physically reading the bible) beginnings of genre type paintings
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Flashcard (41)