World History Test 26

Great Britain

socialist politics and a weak economy led to the decline of England’s commonwealth.

Charles de Gaulle

became president in 1959 ansd led France to prosperity

Alcide de Gasperi

conservative statesman of Italy before it fell to coalition governments

Juan Carlos

successor of Francisco Franco in Spain; encouraged democratic rule

1955

What year did Western Germany become a nation

Konrad Adenauer

Who was the leader of West Germany

Red Brigade attacks

What attack had Italy’s government fall

Mao Tse-tung

communist leader

Chaing Kai-shek

nationalist leader

1927

war broke out between communists and nationalists of China

George C. Marshall

stopped trade with nationalists in 1945

Five-Year Plan

Mao’s plan to increase industry; agriculture declined and millions were lost

Great Leap Forward

Mao’s 2nd Five-Year Plan to increase industry; 15 million people died and the economy collapsed

Cultural Revolution

(1966) Chinese attempt to purge all Western influence; Red Guards destroyed property and killed thousands of people

1949

What year did the Communists won in China

Red Guards

Who destroyed property and killed thousands of people

North Korea

Communist; supported by Russia (Kim II Sung)

South Korea

Free; supported by America (syngman Rhee)

Douglas MacArthur

supreme commander of UN/US forces

38th Parallel

What divides Korea

1950

What year did North Korea invade South Korea

Pusan

Where did North Korea push the UN/US forces

Inchon

What did Douglas MacArthur suprising invade

MacArthur

Who did Truman remove from command

1951

What year was MacArthur removed from command

1953

What year did Stalin die

New York City

headquarters of the U.N. (1952)

General Assembly

representatives from all member nations

Security Council

5 permanent and 10 elected nations

Secretariat

The secretary General and his aids

1945

What year was the Charter for the UN written

Cold War

A “war of words and ideology between the Soviet Union (Communist bloc) and America (Free World)

Joseph McCarthy

An American senator who led an investigation into supposed Communist spies in American government;, it was unsuccessful

Iron Curtain

Churchill’s description of Soviet control over its Eastern European empire

Truman Doctrine

policy of Containment against communism; financial aid of nations threatened by communism (Turkey and Greece)

Marshall Plan

Eu. Recovery Program of economic assistance to rebuild Eu. after WWII

West Germany

free side

East Germany

communist side

Satellite nations

What did Soviet Union add to their empire

Operation Air-Lift (1948-1949)

American aid provided by airplane to West Berlin as a result of the Berlin blockade

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Nikita Khrushchev

Leader of the Soviet Union after Stalin’s Death

Marshall Tito

communist dictator of Yugoslavia

Berlin Wall

built by the Soviets in 1961 to enslave East Berlin

Soviet Warsaw Pact

What did NATO oppose to defend themselves from a Communist attack

Nikita Khrushchev

Who called for peaceful coexistence in the world

Fulgencio Batista

dictator of Cuba from 1934-1959

Fidel Castro

successfully overthrew Batista in 1959; became Communist dictator in Cuba

Bay of Pigs Incident

In 1961, President Kennedy promised aerial support to Cuban freedom fighters

Sandinistas

Communist revolutionaries of Nicaragua

Juan Peron

overthrew the government of Argentina and established tyrannical rule

Isabel Peron

1st woman to head a government in the Western Hemisphere

Salvador Allende

communist president of Chile

Augusto Pinochet

replaced Allende and brought free market economy to Chile

Balfour Declaration

supported a national Jewish homeland in Palestine

Zionists

advocates of a Jewish national state

1948

founding of the modern nation of Israel

Six-Day War (1967)

Israel preemptively attacked and defeated surrounding Arabic nations

Yom Kippur War (1973-1974)

Egypt and Syria invaded Israel’s territory but they were defeated

OPEC

formed to control supply and price of oil

Camp David Accords

peace treaty between Israel and Egypt negotiated by President Jimmy Carter; first Arabic/Jewish treaty in history

PLO

sought to establish a Palestinian state in Israel through force and terror

Yasser Arafat

leader of the PLO

Iran

Pro-American government under The Shah

Saddam Hussein

became dictator in 1979

Mahatma

Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi

advocated civil disobedience against the British in a movement for independence

Ghana

the 1st black African nation south of the Saharah to gain independence

Kwame Nkrumah

Prime Minster and eventual dictator of Ghana

The Congo

Belgium’s largest African colony

Patrice Lumumba

pro-communist premier

Joseph mobutu

became dictator of the Congo; it was renamed Zaire in 1971

Nigeria

leader of the black African nations

Haile Selassie I

last of the original monarchs of Ethiopia

Apartheid

policy of racial segregation

Viet Cong

communist soldiers from North Vietnam who invaded the South (1957) and eventually the rest of Indochina

Ho Chi Minh Trail

a main North Vietnamese invasion route and supply trail

1965

1st American combat troops were sent to South Vietnam

Tet Offensive

large-scale Northern Vietnamese attack against 30 South Vietnamese cities and several US military installations

Republic of Congo

What was Congo called when freed

South Africa

Where did Apartheid take place

Ho Chi Minh

Who led Viet Cong

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

What did the American congress pass to allow America to join the conflict in Vietnam in 1965

William C. Westmoreland

Who led the American troops in South Vietnam

1975

What year did South Vietnam surrender

Ho Chi Minh City

What was Saigon renamed to

Edward Teller

developed the hydrogen bomb in 1952

Detente

French word that means a lessening or decrease of hostility between nations

Henry Kissinger

worked to include Communist China in the United nations (1971)

Leonid Brezhnev

became dictator of the S.U. in 1964

Helsinki Accords

allowed the Soviet Union more access to technology and weapons from the West

Alexandr Solzhenitsyn

warned the West to not be too trusting of the Soviet Union’s decreased hostility

Sputnik 1

1st manmade satellite

Yuri Gagarin

1st man in space

Apollo 11

mission of the 1st moon landing

Nuclear blackmail

What did people around the world opposed that was used by the Soviet Union

Nuclear freeze

What movement was promoted in America

1969

What year was the first moon landing

Margaret Thatcher

conservative leader that became England’s 1st female Prime Minister (1979)

Ronald Reagan

became president of America in 1981