Protein

Worldwide meat consumption

________ has been increasing, especially in developing countries.

Protein

________ can be harmful if your body is low in plant foods (fiber), vitamins, phytochemicals.

North Americans

________ generally consume more than they need to maintain health.

Proteins

complex molecules made from smaller units called amino acids.

Regulate

________ and maintains body functions.

RDA

the amount of a nutrient you need to meet your basic nutritional requirements.

Amino acids

________ with a branching carbon backbone include: leucine, isoleucine, and valine; all are essential amino acids.

Plant proteins

are often low in one or more of the 9 essential amino acids.

High quality (complete) proteins

contain ample amounts of all 9 essential amino acids.

Animal

________ and plant proteins can differ greatly in proportions of essential and nonessential amino acids.

access protein

may increase calcium loss in the urine.

Amino acids with a branching carbon backbone include:

leucine, isoleucine, and valine; all are essential amino acids

Ergogenic aid

a substance used to enhance physical performance beyond the gains obtained from physical training alone

Lower-quality (incomplete) proteins

low in or lack one or more essential amino acids, all-or-none principle in protein synthesis

What does protein contain?

nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Animal protein

generally contains all 9 essential amino acids

What is the chemical structure of an amino acid?

Carboxyl group, amino group, hydrogen and a side chain or R group

What is the RDA for protein for adults?

Be able to calculate .8grams per kilogram body weight

What are the elements in the chemical structure of amino acids?

C, H, N, O

How many amino acids are there?

20

What is a limiting amino acid?

The amino acid in an incomplete protein is in inadequate amounts.

What does it mean to complement proteins?

Combining two incomplete protein sources that provide the limiting amino acids in the other thereby making a complete protein

What is a side group of an amino acid and its role in the type of amino acid?

R group, defines which AA it is

Peptide Bond

Bond between AA (between carboxyl and amino group)

What is meant by the term "primary structure of an amino acid"?

Strands of aa-joined by peptide bond

What is meant by the term "secondary structure of an amino acid?"

Chemical attractions between the side groups of AA-results in bending/folding of the strand

What is meant by the term "quaternary structure of an amino acid"?

>1 AA strand interacting. Establishes chemical bond between 2 or more strands to form a larger protein

Denature

Breaking the chemical attraction between strands and w/in the strand

What happens to the protein when it is denatured?

Breaks the electrical charges the chains straighten out. Lose their 3D shape and interactions to other strands of A.

Collagen

Connective tissue made from protein

Antibodies

Defensive proteins that the body manufactures to destroy foreign invaders. (viruses, bacteria, allergens)