Arm and Cubital Fossa

What is compartment syndrome?

When high pressure builds up inside an enclosed group of muscles, nerves, and blood vessels

Describe the location of the long head of biceps brachii?

Lateral; connected to supraglenoid tubercle

Describe the location of the short head of biceps brachii

Medial; connected to coracoid process

What provides the secondary attachment of the biceps brachii?

Bicipital aponeurosis

What is the action of biceps brachii?

Flexes and supinates the forearm; long head flexes and ABducts the humerus

What innervates the biceps brachii?

Musculocutaneous nerve

What supplies the biceps brachii?

Brachial artery

What is the Popeye Deformity?

Rupture of the long head of biceps brachii at supraglenoid tubercle

What are the attachment sites of coracobrachialis?

Coracoid process and medial surface of humerus

What innervates coracobrachialis?

Musculocutaneous nerve

What supplies coracobrachialis?

Brachial artery

What are the attachments of brachialis?

Distal shaft of humerus and coronoid process + tuberosity of ulna

What innervates brachialis?

Musculocutaneous nerve (with some radial)

What supplies brachialis?

Brachial artery

What is the action of brachialis?

Flexion of forearm

What are the three heads of triceps brachii?

Long, lateral, and medial

Where does the long head of triceps brachii originate?

Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Where do the medial and lateral heads of triceps brachii originate?

Humeral shaft

Where does the triceps brachii insert?

Olecranon process

What is the action of triceps brachii?

Extension and weak ADDuction of humerus (long head), extension of elbow (all heads)

What innervates triceps brachii?

Radial nerve

What supplies triceps brachii?

Profunda brachii artery

What is eccentric contraction?

Controlled relaxation that elongates muscle

What is concentric contraction?

Shortening of muscle

The brachial artery bifurcates into what in the cubital fossa?

Radial and ulnar arteries

What are the three main branches of the brachial artery?

Profunda brachii, superior collateral ulnar, and inferior collateral ulnar

What supplies the extensor compartment of the arm?

Posterior circumflex humeral and profunda brachii

What are the terminating branches of profunda brachii?

Radial collateral and middle collateral arteries

What muscle does the musculocutaneus nerve pierce?

Coracobrachialis

What does the musculocutaneus nerve become in the forearm?

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the antebrachium

Describe the location of the radial nerve?

Winds posteriorly around the humerus in radial groove between the lateral and medial head of triceps brachii, enters the anterior compartment in the distal arm, passing into forearm deep to the brachioradialis

What are the major cutaneous branches of the radial nerve?

Posterior cutaneous brachial and posterior cutaneous antebrachial

What are the terminating branches of the radial nerve at the lateral epicondlyle?

Superficial and deep

The median nerve is medial to the…?

Brachial artery

Describe the location of the ulnar artery?

Medial to axillary and brachial arteries to the middle of the arm, pierces the intermuscular septum, and runs with the superior collateral ulnar artery posterior the medial epicondyle of the humerus

What sharp blow to the medial side of the elbow impacts what nerve?

Ulnar

What is the lateral border of the cubital fossa?

Brachioradialis

What is the medial border of the cubital fossa?

Pronator teres

What is the only major nerve that does not pass through the cubital fossa?

Ulnar nerve, as it passes behind medial epicondyle of humerus

What is the medial vein of the cubital fossa?

Basilic

What is the lateral vein of the cubital fossa?

Cephalic

What veins connects the basilic and cephalic veins?

Median cubital

What nerve is located between the biceps brachii and brachialis?

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

What nerve is underneath the brachioradialis?

Radial nerve

The brachial artery bifurcates into what at bicipital aponeurosis?

Radial and ulnar arteries

What muscle composes the lateral floor of the cubital fossa?

Supinator

What is cubital tunnel syndrome?

Compression of the ulnar nerve as it passes through the fibro-osseous tunnel at the elbow

What are the three synovial joints of the elbow joint capsule?

Humeroulnar, humeroradial, and proximal radioulnar joint

What is Tommy John Surgery?

Stabilization of a torn ulnar collateral ligament with tissue from another place in the body

What muscles facilitate supination?

Biceps brachii and supinator

What muscles facilitate pronation?

Pronator teres and pronator quadratus

What is nursemaid’s elbow?

Proximal incomplete temporary dislocation of the head of the radius

Where does supination occur?

The forearm at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints