GOVT 134 Midterm

What is the core definition of human security?

Human security means freedom from fear, freedom from want, and freedom to live in dignity.

What report introduced human security?

The 1994 UNDP Human Development Report.

What are the seven dimensions of human security?

Economic, food, health, environmental, personal, community, and political security.

What shift did human security introduce?

A shift from state-centered security to people-centered security.

What does Roland Paris argue about human security?

He argues it is too broad and risks conceptual overstretch.

Is human security a paradigm shift according to Paris?

No he says it is not unless the concept is narrowed.

What historical events shaped human security?

Post-Cold War conflicts and failures in Rwanda and Bosnia.

How does human security differ from traditional security?

Traditional security protects states human security protects individuals.

What is the relationship between human rights and human security?

Human rights are legal entitlements human security provides conditions enabling those rights.

How do human rights violations relate to human security?

Human rights violations create human insecurity and vice versa.

Who are the main actors responsible for human security?

States, international organizations, NGOs, communities private sector, and individuals.

What is the primary duty-bearer in human security?

The state.

What does Mary Kaldor argue about NATO?

NATO should adopt a human security approach focused on civilian protection and rule of law.

What do the Sustainable Development Goals relate to?

Global development priorities aligned with human security.

What is Bjorn Lomborg's critique of the SDGs?

He argues they are too broad and need prioritization.

What is Pillar I of R2P?

The state's responsibility to protect its population from mass atrocity crimes.

What is Pillar II of R2P?

The international community's responsibility to assist states.

What is Pillar III of R2P?

The responsibility to take timely and decisive action including force when a state fails to protect its population.

What UNSC resolution imposed sanctions on Libya?

UNSC Resolution 1970.

What UNSC resolution authorized all necessary measures in Libya?

UNSC Resolution 1973.

Why is Libya significant for R2P?

It is the first explicit UNSC-authorized R2P military intervention.

What controversy arose from NATO's Libya intervention?

NATO exceeded the civilian protection mandate and facilitated regime change.

Why did Russia and China veto Syria resolutions?

They believed NATO abused R2P in Libya for regime change.

What is the Responsibility to Rebuild?

The duty to support post-conflict recovery reconstruction and reconciliation.

Did the international community fulfill R2R in Libya?

No NATO withdrew without a reconstruction plan leading to instability.

What is intersectionality?

The compounding of vulnerabilities based on overlapping identities such as gender age and disability.

Why are women with disabilities especially vulnerable?

They face multiple forms of discrimination and exclusion from services.

How did conflict affect children with disabilities in Syria?

They faced inaccessible shelters disrupted medical care and increased exploitation.

Why does climate change impact women more?

Gendered social roles economic inequality and exclusion from decision-making increase vulnerability.

What are ESCR rights?

Economic social and cultural rights such as health education and housing.

Are ESCR legally enforceable?

Yes they are enforceable under the ICESCR treaty.

What misconception does Cerqueira address?

That ESCR are merely aspirational rather than legally binding.

What challenge does Roth identify in defending ESCR?

They are systemic and require different strategies than civil and political rights.

What is freedom from fear?

Protection from violence and conflict.

What is freedom from want?

Protection from poverty hunger and deprivation.

What is sovereignty as responsibility?

The idea that sovereignty requires protecting populations not just controlling territory.

How does human security relate to development?

Human security emphasizes development as a foundation for safety and dignity.

What caused the rise of human security in the 1990s?

Intrastate conflict, globalization, and humanitarian crises.

What is the main critique of human security?

It is too broad and risks becoming a shopping list of issues.

What is the difference between human security and human rights?

Human rights are legal obligations human security is a policy framework.

What is the main lesson from Libya vs Syria?

Libya damaged trust in R2P making future interventions like Syria politically impossible.

What is the core purpose of human security?

To protect individuals from critical and pervasive threats.

What does human security prioritize?

People not states.

What is the UNDP's view of security?

Security must include economic, social, and political stability not just military protection.

What is structural violence?

Systemic harm caused by social political or economic structures.

Why is human security preventive?

It aims to address root causes before crises escalate.

What is the biggest challenge in implementing human security?

Coordination among diverse actors and broad issue scope.

What is the ICISS?

The commission that created the Responsibility to Protect in 2001.

What four crimes does R2P cover?

Genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity.

Why is post-conflict rebuilding essential?

Without rebuilding societies risk falling back into conflict.

What is the main vulnerability factor in human security?

Inequality and exclusion.

What is the relationship between SDGs and human security?

SDGs operationalize human security goals globally.

What is the biggest critique of SDGs?

They lack prioritization and are too expansive.

What is the human security approach to conflict?

Protect civilians, support rule of law, and address root causes.

What is the main difference between humanitarian intervention and R2P?

Humanitarian intervention can be extra-Charter R2P requires UNSC authorization.

What is the biggest failure of the Libya intervention?

Lack of Responsibility to Rebuild leading to state collapse.