PAD Midterm

Why do we need planning?

Interconnectedness (zoning) and complexity (justifies planning as a profession)

What is urban and regional planning about?

People

What are the four driving reasons for growth of american cities?

1. Natural Population Growth
2. Increased agricultural activity
3. Factory Production
4. low cost transportation options

Cities had higher death rates then birth rates but were buoyed by immigration? T/F

True

When was the first significant period of american suburbanization?

1920's

second was after WWII

What led to the rush of migration to the suburbs?

1. invention of the Ford model T
   2.Truck
2. Telephone communication
3. Limited highway access
4. Emergence of film and radio for entertainment

What provided federal funding for freeways?

The federal act of 1956

25 mill cars were owned

$25 bill dollars spent and 41

2.5 people are projected to move to urban areas by 2050

said by scholars. T/F

What is the "third place?"

The place you spend other than work (second) or home (first)

What is NIMBY?

Not In My Back Yard

What two types of plans existed in the colonial era?

Disorganized and rectangular street plan

Planning boards increased by 90% in the 1930's - Great Depression T/F

True

What did urban vs rural based areas focus on?

Rural land focused on farmland and conservation where urban areas focused on housing quality

What is a space?

Generic and non-specific

What is a place?

Immediate

According to Lynch

what are the 5 building blocks?

1. Paths
2. edges
3. distress
4. Nodes
5. Landmarks

What is Dillon's Rule?

Cities were allowed more power over jurisdiction from the state

What is eminent domain?

It is the government taking private property for public good. the 5th amendment called for compensation

What were cases of eminent domain?

Magler vs Kansas- no compensation for police involvement

Hadacheck vs sebastian - increased city rights

Village of Euclid v Amber realty - city can take uncompensated loss on property for land control

The Housing Act of 1949

Act passed by Congress that's goal was to provide a decent home for every family in America

what is Measure 37 (2004)

Allowed property owners whose property value had been reduced by environmental or other land use regulations to claim compensation from state or local government

Affordable housing has emerged as an issue- It is set on "solid legal ground" but yet its' development is hampered by two reasons:

1. federal funding is limited
   2.Citizen resistance

What is the modern view of planning? and what supports it?

The modern view of planners is that their role is to facilitate the planning process

The view of citizens is never really known t/f?

TRUE

What is a social issue of housing planning?

critics argue it is a new form of discrimination or that it contributes to balkanization

Beatley argues that a city values its history the most ? t/f

True

Historical buildings bridges a gap to the people that came before us and help provide a quality that transcends merely just brick and mortar T/F?

TRUE

The renewal of old "brownfields" or abandoned warehouses can also serve as ecological plays for cities looking to reduce environmental impacts T/F?

TRUE

What are some historical preservations of cities in america?

1. Miami-Art Deco preservation
2. San Francisco

What is the 5 step process to achieve comprehensive planning?

1.Planning Research
2.Formulating Community Goals
3.Formulating the Plan
4.Implementing it
5.Review and Updating

TWO WAYS THAT A CITY CAN SHAPE ITS PATTERN OF LAND USE

1.Public capital investment
2.Legal controls over land use

Two bonds issued for public capital investment-

general obligation and revenue bonds

Cluster Zoning -

Popular with planners because it permits the preservation of open space and reduces developmental costs

Performance Zoning is not widespread yet T/F ?

TRUE

$484b collected in 2014 by school districts and local governments due to property taxes? T/F?

TRUE

Beatly Identifies sprawl (growth of cities outward) as one of the biggest threats to creating and maintaining "genuine" places T/F?

TRUE

Beatly believes sprawl is Inefficient use of resources (to build roads and housing units that may not need to be built with others available)

Associated with high levels of pollution (associated with travel by car and destruction of land and green spaces that were previously open)

Increase infrastructure needed (such as plumbing

Culturally

the U.S. values land as a commodity for our economic consumption