💎particles and radiation💎

mercury vapour emits photons of what light?

UV

what has a higher rest energy, proton or neutron?

neutron

what is needed to turn a proton into a neutron?

energy

does strangeness need to be conserved?

yes

what is the only stable baryon?

proton

define an exchange particle

a particle that is transferred between 2 particles when a force acts between them

electron + positron → ?

2 photons

define a meson

particles containing a quark and an antiquark

how to calculate specific charge?

charge / mass

the higher the ratio of neutrons to protons in the nucleus, what happens to repulsive EM force?

decreases

beta minus decay emits what?

an electron and an electron anti-neutrino

when you increase frequency of light, what happens to electrons emitted?

increased KE

stopping speed equals?

kinetic energy / electron energy

what is always created in pairs?

strangeness

what force is important in nucleus?

strong nuclear force

give an example of pair production?

proton + proton

what does annihilation produce?

2 gamma photons

what range does strong nuclear force work?

0.5fm to 3fm

what 2 subsections are hadrons?

baryons and mesons

what is beta minus decay?

n → p + electron + electron anti neutrino

what is beta plus decay?

p → n + positron + electron neutrino

what is electron capture?

p + electron → n + neutrino

how do you convert from eV to J?

x 1.6×10-19

what is the charge of a proton?

1.6×10^-19

how does antineutrino interact?

only via weak interaction

how does a positron interact?

via electromagnetic interaction and weak interaction

what is the mass of a nucleon?

1.67×10^-27

what is the speed equation?

v² = 2E / m

in what interaction can strangeness change?

weak

what is a meson made up of?

1 quark 1 antiquark

what is a baryon made up of?

3 quarks

what is an antiparticle?

equal mass and opposite charge to a particle

E = ?

mc²

what is the top and bottom number next to a particle?

top- mass

bottom- charge

what type of particle doesn’t experience strong force?

lepton

what causes electron momentum to change in pair production?

conservation or momentum

what does a muon decay into?

electron, electron anti neutrino and muon neutrino

what is the exchange particle for the strong nuclear force?

pion

what do kaons decay into?

pions

what do muons eventually decay into?

electrons

how are strange particles created?

strong interaction

how do strange particles decay?

through the weak interaction

what is the electron capture equation?

proton + electron → neutron and electron neutrino

what is the ground state?

the lowest energy level an electron can be in

describe how fluorescent tubes work?

high voltage mercury vapour has free electrons

free electrons collide with electrons in mercury atoms, exciting them

excited electrons return to ground state and emit high energy UV photons

phosphor coating absorbs photons and electrons are excited

electrons in phosphor cascade down energy levels and emit lower energy visible light photons

what are the lepton numbers?

lepton electron and muon

KEmax =?

e x Vs