Grade 10 Unit 2: Human Resource Management

Human resource management

The process of hiring, training, and managing people to help a business meet its goals.

Recruitment

The process of finding and hiring the best candidates for job vacancies.

Retention

Efforts made by a business to keep employees working there long-term.

Appraisal

A review of an employee's performance, usually to give feedback, set goals, or consider promotions/pay rises.

Dismissal

When an employee is removed from their job due to poor performance or behaviour.

Redundancy

When a job is no longer needed, and the employee is let go through no fault of their own.

Training and development

Activities aimed at improving an employee's skills, knowledge, and career growth.

Human resource planning

Forecasting future staff needs and planning how to meet them.

Demographic change

Shifts in population characteristics, like age, gender, or migration, that can affect hiring and workforce planning.

Labour mobility

The ability of workers to move between jobs, industries, or locations.

Labour turnover

The rate at which employees leave a company and need to be replaced in comparison to the total number of employees at the start of the year expressed as a percentage per annum

Recruitment and selection

The full process of attracting, shortlisting, interviewing, and choosing the right candidates for jobs.

Job description

A document outlining the duties, responsibilities, and working conditions of a job.

Person specification

A list of the skills, qualifications, and personal traits needed for a job.

Curriculum vitae (CV) resume

A document listing a person's education, work experience, and achievements for job applications.

Cover letter

A personalised letter explaining why someone is applying for a job and why they are suitable.

Interviews

Formal conversations used to assess job applicants' suitability.

Internal recruitment

Filling a job vacancy with someone who already works in the company.

External recruitment

Hiring someone from outside the company.

Employment law

Legal rules that protect workers and employers, covering things like wages, safety, and discrimination.

Minimum wages

The lowest hourly rate that employers can legally pay workers.

Overtime pay

Extra pay for working more than regular hours.

Workplace health and safety

Rules and practices that ensure employees are safe and healthy at work.

Training

Teaching employees how to do their job or improve their skills.

Induction training

Introductory training for new employees to help them settle in and understand the company.

On the job training

Learning by doing the actual job, often with supervision.

Mentoring

Ongoing support and guidance given by an experienced employee to help another develop skills.

Off the job training

Learning away from the workplace, such as in workshops or courses.

Leadership

The ability to guide and inspire others toward achieving goals.

Manager

A person responsible for planning, organising, and overseeing the work of others.

Functions of management

The key tasks managers carry out to run a business successfully.

Functions of management (planning)

Setting goals and deciding how to achieve them.

Functions of management (organising)

Arranging resources and tasks to meet business goals.

Functions of management (commanding)

Leading and directing employees to carry out plans.

Functions of management (coordinating)

Ensuring all parts of the business work well together.

Functions of management (controlling)

Monitoring progress and making adjustments to stay on track.

Autocratic leadership

A style where the leader makes all decisions without input from others.

Transformational leadership

Inspiring and motivating people to work towards big goals and change.

Democratic leadership

A style where the leader involves the team in decision-making.

Laissez faire leadership

A relaxed style where employees are trusted to make decisions on their own.

Motivation

The reasons or drive behind people's actions and efforts at work.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

A theory that people have five levels of needs they want to fulfil, starting with basic ones.

Physiological needs

Basic survival needs like food, water, and rest.

Safety needs

The need to feel safe, secure, and stable (e.g., job security).

Social needs

The desire to feel part of a group and build relationships.

Esteem needs

The need for respect, recognition, and self-confidence.

Self actualisation

The desire to reach one's full potential and achieve personal goals.

Pink's drive theory

A modern theory that says people are motivated by autonomy, mastery, and purpose rather than just rewards.

Autonomy

The desire to have control over your own work and decisions.

Mastery

The drive to improve and become excellent at something.

Purpose

The motivation that comes from doing meaningful work that matters.

Calculate labour turnover

employees who left/average number of employees x 100

Scientific management theory

FW Taylors theory of motivation that people are above all things motivated by higher wages.

Aptitude tests

a test designed to determine a persons ability in a particular field