Exam #1

(Weeks #1-#5)

1.) Define the activity

What is an Occupation?

• Happens over time

• Purpose, meaning, utility

• Observable by others and/or private to the individual

• Various outcomes

• Performance skills, client factors and performance patterns

• Within contexts and environments

Activity

Universal

• (e.g., Making a peanut butter and jelly sandwich)

Occupation

Personal

• (e.g., Lisa makes a peanut butter and jelly sandwich for her daughter at home)

Activity and Occupational Analysis

1. Define the activity

2. Relevance and importance

3. Object, space and social demands

4. Steps of the activity

5. Body functions

6. Body structures

7. Performance skills

Activity Analysis

The demands of how it is typically done in society

Occupational Analysis

The demand of how the client typically does an occupation

Activities of Daily Living (ADLS)

• Taking care of one’s own body

8 Basic ADLS

1. Bathing/Showering

2. Toileting/Toilet Hygiene

3. Dressing

4. Eating/Swallowing

5. Feeding

6. Functional Mobility

7. Personal Hygiene/Grooming

8. Sexual Activity

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLS)

• Support life within the home and community

• More complex

• Essential to living independently

11 Categories Under IADLS

1. Care of others (including selection and supervision of caregivers)

2. Care of pets and animals

3. Child rearing

4. Communication management

5. Driving and community mobility

6. Financial management

7. Home establishment and management 

8. Meal preparation and cleanup

9. Religious and spiritual expression 

10. Safety and emergency maintenance

11. Shopping

IADLS Subcategories

1. Health Management

2. Rest and Sleep

3. Education

4. Work

5. Play

6. Leisure

7. Social Participation

Health Management

Rest and Sleep

Education

Play

Leisure

Social Participation

2.) Relevance and Importance

Occupational Profile

• Part of the evaluation process

• Interview style

• Understand:

• Occupations

• Meaning and utility of occupations

• Values, beliefs, spirituality

• What form the occupations take place

Environmental Factors

• Natural environment

• Human-made environment

• Products and tech

• Support and relationships

• Attitudes

• Services, systems, policies

Natural Environment

(e.g., Mother Nature)

Human-made Environment

Products and tech

Support and relationships

Attitudes

Services, systems, policies

Personal Factors

• Age

• Sexual Orientation

• Gender Identity

• Race and ethnicity

• Culture

• Social Background

• Psychological Assets

• Education and profession

Performance Patterns

• Habits

• Routines

• Roles

• Rituals

Habits

Automatic behaviors

• (e.g., Mandy puts her keys back on the key hook every single time she comes back home without thinking about it)

Routines

Observable, regular, and receptive daily structure

• (e.g., Every evening, before bed, Chris brushes his teeth, makes tea, journals, and sets an alarm for the next morning)

Roles

Identity shaped by culture and society

• (e.g., Being a mother)

Rituals

Symbolic actions

• (e.g., Every night during dinner in Stella’s culture, the oldest is always the first one to take the first bite of their meal)

OTPF-4

Occupational Therapy Practice Framework 4th Edition

• based on WHO document on health and abilities

Object Demands

Tools

• Reusable

• Not expendable

(e.g., Toothbrush, Scissors)

Supplies

• Deplete during activity

(e.g., Paper, Paint)

Resources

• May not be tangible

(e.g., Money, People, Time)

Equipment

• Appliances

• Usually machines

(e.g., Computer, Refrigerator)

Properties

• Aspects of the objects use

• Descriptive

(e.g., Non-stick pan = smooth, durable, heat resistant)

Space Demands

Physical environment needed for activity

• size, arrangement, surface, lighting, temperature, noise, humidity, ventilation

Social Demands

• What is expected

• Important if others are involved

• Communication rules and behavior

• How one should act

• Shaped by culture and society

• Same activity can have different social rules

Task Analysis

• Action verb

• How action takes place

• Objects used/interacted with

• Time elements (if needed)

• Amounts used (if needed)