Compatibility Testing - CH. 9 Basics & Applied Concepts of Blood Banking and Transfusion Practices

Flashcards covering the fundamentals of compatibility testing, crossmatching procedures, and transfusion practices according to AABB standards.

Compatibility testing

Involves all the steps in the identification and testing of a donor unit and a proposed recipient’s blood.

Crossmatching

A part of compatibility testing that involves mixing donor RBCs and recipient serum or plasma to observe for agglutination or hemolysis.

Immediate-Spin (IS) Crossmatch

A procedure performed when the recipient has no evidence of an antibody in the current sample or historical record, fulfilling AABB standards for detecting ABO incompatibility.

Antiglobulin Test (IAT Crossmatch)

A serologic crossmatch involving all phases (IS, $37^\text{o} \text{C}$, and AHG) performed if the patient demonstrates a clinically significant antibody.

Computer Crossmatching

A process that makes a final check of ABO compatibility instead of a serologic IS procedure, provided the recipient has no history of or current antibodies.

Sample Age Limit

The limit for sample use is $3$ days if the patient has been recently transfused or is pregnant.

Repeat testing of donor units

The process of re-typing whole blood and RBCs to confirm ABO labeling on all units and D testing on D-negative units.

Antigen-negative units

Recommended blood units for recipients with antibodies to ABO, Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, or other antibodies reacting at AHG.

Reissue temperature requirement (RBCs)

Blood units may be reissued if the unit is maintained between the upper and lower conditions of $1^\text{o} \text{C}$ to $10^\text{o} \text{C}$.

Emergency Release

The release of blood signed by a physician before compatibility and/or infectious disease testing is complete, requiring donor unit tags to indicate incomplete testing.

Massive Transfusion

A total volume exchange of blood within $24$ hours.

Maximum Surgical Blood Order Schedule (MSBOS)

A standard determined by facility physicians and the BB medical director representing the average number of blood units used for surgical procedures.

Type and Screen Request

A protocol involving ABO/D phenotype and an antibody screen; if no alloantibodies are detected, no further testing is needed unless units are ordered.

Compatibility testing for infants < 4 months

Involves ABO and D typing and antibody screening using mother's or infant's sample; serum testing is not necessary.

Non-RBC Products (Special requirements)

Plasma, platelets, and cryoprecipitate generally don't need crossmatching unless products like apheresis platelets or granulocytes contain more than $2\text{ mL}$ of RBCs.

AABB Standard for Patient identification

Requirement that patient and sample information must have two independent identifiers.