AP WORLD UNIT 3

Gunpowder Empire

Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires used gunpowder to expand and grow in power

Ottoman

powerful Islamic empire that controlled parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa

Safavid

powerful Shi’a muslim empire that clashed with Sunni regions

Mughal

Muslim with religious tolerance and monumental architecture

Divine Right of Kings

rulers claim God chose them to rule which served as their justification for power

Absolutionism

ruler holds total power

Zamindars

landowners who can tax peasants living on their land for the government

Tax Farming

right to tax was given to a “highest bidder” who was able to collect taxes, and choose prices, from locals. This allowed them to collect money

Devshirme

took Christians and converted them to Islam which allowed them to be trained for military and bureaucracy

Janissaries

enslaved Christians who were converted to Islam, which were later drafted into an elite fighting force

Shi’a Islam

muslim’s who believe that leadership should come from Muhammad’s blood/relatives

Sunni Islam

muslim’s who believe that leadership should be anyone who is worthy/chosen

Martin Luther

a man who challenged the authority of Catholic Churches publicly in writing

95 Theses

A list of arguments against the Catholic Church written by Martin Luther. It spoke on corruption, salvation, and sale of indulgences.

Protestant Reformation

religious movement challenging the Catholic Church’s authority which led to Protestant ideas, wars, and church reforms at the Council of Trent