[apbio] unit 1 ap classroom

AP biology Unit 1 review

an amino acid must have which of the following properties in order to be incorporated into a polypeptide?

The ability to form a covalent bond with both its NH2 group and its COOH group.

Which of the following would most likely occur if cattle lost the ability to maintain a colony of microorganisms in their digestive tract?

Cattle would no longer be able to use cellulose as a primary source of glucose.

which describes why starch and cellulose provide different functions in plants?

The difference in assembly and organization of the monomers of these two polymers result in different chemical properties.

which of the following best compares the atomic structures of starch and cellulose?

Starch and cellulose are composed of repeating glucose monomers, however in cellulose, every other glucose monomer is rotates 180 degrees.

which of the following describes reactions of linking of monomers of to form macromolecules?

monomers are joined by a covalent bond, and a water molecule is produced.

which of the following models best demonstrates the arrangement hydrogen bonds between adjacent water molecules?

H--O

DNA nucleotides?

Cytosine (C), thymine (T), adenine (A), guanine (G)

Which bonds can be broken to replace the cytosine nucleotide without affecting the biological information coded in DNA molecules?

phosphate + pentose bonds together.at the same time.

which of the following best describes how the structure of ice benefits the organisms that life in the water below?

The water molecules in ice are father apart in those in liquid water, so the ice floats, maintaining the warmer, dense water at the lake bottom.

R groups?

The new R-group replacement, will cause the protein to misfiled and not function properly in the cell.

RNA + DNA similarities?

Both molecules contain nucleotides that form base pairs with other nucleotides which allows each molecule to act as a template in the synthesis of other nucleic acid molecules.

which process describes monosaccharides -> polysaccharides?

dehydration synthesis: specific enzyme removes H from monosaccharide and an OH from the polysaccharide and creates a bond and a water as well.H2O

which bests explains how biological information is coded in a DNA molecule?

the linear sequence of the base pairs.

DNA -> RNA sugars?

changing deoxyribose to ribose by adding an OH group.

how is water pulled up through the xylem to the leaves of the plants?

as water exits the lead, H bonding between water molecules pulls more water up from below.

which of the following describes a key difference among the 20 amino acids that are used to make proteins?

some amino acids are hydrophobic.

difference in leaf growth?

phosphorus-starved plant was unable to synthesize both required nucleic acids and lipids, limiting growth.

role of carbon in biological systems?

are in all macromolecules: carbs (CHO), lipids (CHO), protein (CHON), nucleic acid (CHONP)

how do phospholipids interact with the phospholipids of other cells?

polar to polar

non polar to non polar

primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary structure?

1st: polypeptide bonds

2nd: H Bonds

3rd: one polypeptide chain; hbonds, hydrophobic interaction, ionic bonding, disulfur bridges.

4th: multiple polypeptide chain; hbonds, hydrophobic interaction, ionic bonding, disulfur bridges.

which of the following is not like the other: fibers, sugar, starch, cellulose, lipids?

lipids; they aren't carbohydrates

transfat?

hydrogenating polyunsaturated fat to break apart double bonds in C

Protein monomer?

amino acids (mRNA)

carbohydrates monomer?

monosaccharides (glucose, fruttosi, galactose)

Disaccharides are?

sucrose (glucose + frutose) , maltose (glucose + glucose), lactose (glucose + galactose)

Tiglycerides monomers?

3 fatty acid chains (COOH) + glycerol backbone (OH)

nucleic acid monomers?

nucleotides (5' phosphate - NBASES - pentose sugar 3')