AP Psych: depressive disorders and bipolar disorders

major depressive disorder

disorder in which a person experiences, in the absences of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either 1) depressed mood or 2) loss of interest or pleasure

dsm-5 criteria

-depressed mood most of the time

-dramatically reduced interest or enjoyment in most activities most of the time

-significant challenges regulating appetite and weight

-significant challenge regulating sleep

-physical agitation or lethargy

-feeling listless or with much less energy

-feeling worthless or feeling unwarranted guilt

-problem with thinking, concentration, or making decisions

-thinking repeatedly of death and/or suicide

persistent depressive disorder

-also called dysthymia

-a milder form of depression that has lasted two years or more

bipolar disorder

-formerly known as manic-depression disorder

-a disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania

mania

a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgement is common

hypomania

condition that is similar to mania but less severe

bipolar 1

to be diagnosed with this, an individual must have experienced one full manic episode

bipolar 2

to be diagnosed with this, an individual would have experienced a hypomanic episode, but not a manic one

biological causes of depression

-genetic predispositions

-biochemical imbalances

-seretonin and norepinephrine

biological causes of bipolar disorder

-run in families

-diminished brain activity in episodes of depression

-more brain activity in periods of mania

-altered brain structure

-seretonin and norepinephrine

social-cognitive causes of depression and bipolar

-self-defeating beliefs

-negative explanatory style

-rumination

-comparisons

suicide

-when people feel disconnected from others

-when they see themselves as a burden

-when they feel trapped by an inescapable situation

non-suicidal self-injury

-self harm (cutting, burning, hitting)

-people who engage in nssi do not intend to take their lives