AP CSP Unit 2 - The Internet Code.org

Computing device

a machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors

Computing system

a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose.

Computing network

a group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending and receiving data

Path

the series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a receiver.

Bandwidth

the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second.

Protocol

An agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system

IP Address

unique number assigned to each device connected to the Internet

Internet Protocol (IP)

a protocol for sending data across the Internet that assigns unique numbers (IP addresses) to each connected device.

Router

A type of computer that forwards data across a network

Redundancy

the inclusion of extra components so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail, for example by having more than one path between any two connected devices in a network

Fault Tolerant

Can continue to function even in the event of individual component failures. This is important because elements of complex systems like a computer network fail at unexpected times, often in groups.

HTTP

HyperText Transfer Protocol - the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet

Internet

a computer network consisting of interconnected networks that use standardized, open (non proprietary) communication protocols.

Packet

a chunk of data sent over a network. Larger messages are divided into packets may arrive at the destination in order, out-of-order, or not at all

Packet Metadata

Data added to packets to help route them through the network and reassemble the original message.

Routing

the process of finding a path from sender to receiver

UDP

a protocol used on the internet for fast transmission of information but with minimal error checking

World Wide Web

a system of linked pages, programs, and files.

Router

A type of computer that forwards data across a network

Certificate authority

issue digital certificates that validate the ownership of encryption keys used in secure communications and are based on a trust model.

Digital divide

differing access to computing devices and the Internet, based on socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic characteristics

TCP

provides reliable, ordered and error checked delivery of a stream of packets in the internet

FCP

File Transfer Protocol is used to communicate and transfer files between computers on a TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) network, aka the internet. It is outdated because it is not secured.

SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the main protocol used to send electronic mail from server to server on the Internet.

DHCP

(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) A set of rules that allow network client computers to find and use the Internet address that corresponds to a domain name.