Purpose, Roles, and Types of Governments

quiz 8/25

democracy

citizens hold all the power

direct democracy

no representatives; citizens are in charge of making laws

representative democracy

citizens elect leaders to represent, solve day-to-day issues, pass laws

constitutional democracy

citizens elect representatives to make laws, leaders follow rules of supreme, written constitution; protects individual rights, power belongs to people

autocracy

government with 1 person in power

dictatorship

full power over constitution, don’t represent citizens, other parts of gov listen to the dictator

list 2 types of monarchy

absolute and constitutional

list 3 types of democracy

direct, representative, constitutional

absolute monarchy

monarchy has all power and has final say

constitutional monarchy

share power with other parts of gov and has to follow the constitution

oligarchy

small group has all the power/political rights

theocracy

religious law settles disputes and rules the people, can be any type of gov

list the 3 structures of government

unitary, federal, confederation

define unitary structure of gov

centralized gov with all the power, can create local units of low independence

define federal structure of government

power is divided and shared; US constitution tells which powers belong to the national gov and which belong to the state gov

define confederation structure of gov

states work together, the central organization only handle matters the member states assign, there are few modern confederations

describe presidential system of gov

voters elect legislature and head of gov

describe parliamentary system of gov

voters elect legislature who choose the head of gov

what are the 2 lawmaking bodies

unicameral and bicameral

explain unicameral

1 legislative house, favors majority political party, hears more ideas about laws, but less perspectives

explain bicameral

2 legislative houses- upper→ senior + longer terms & lower→ more members, shorter terms, almost always electives, and smaller areas. more perspectives

A state is.. a body of ____ living in a ____ with the power to make and enforce ____ and a ____ to do this.

people, territory, laws, government

define population

group of people who are the members/citizens of a state

define territory

area in which a state’s rule applies

define sovereignty

ability to rule absolutely within a territory

define government

organization inside a state that controls the actions and policies of the state

a population can be ____ or ____

large, small

what different features might a population have?

rural/urban, economy, education, culture/language

In a territory, a state must have set ____

boundaries

Why can boundaries in a territory change sometimes?

after war, dispute/negotiation, or purchase

In a territory, sometimes, states don’t always ___ on where their boundaries are

agree

With sovereignty, all states are considered ___ to each other

equal

What is a foreign policy when a state has sovereignty?

when states decide what relationships they will have with other states

When a state has sovereignty, they decide how things will ____ inside their boundaries

operate

what are the 4 main things the government does?

makes laws, protects the state, keeps order within, and provides services