halo alkanes

Define reflexing

The process of reflexing involves the heating of a liquid in a flask fitted with a vertical or slanging condenser the vapour form during heating or condensed by the condenser and condense liquid return back to the flak

Physical state of haloalkan

The lower haloalkan or gases are room temperature all the other haloalkanes up to 18 carbon chain are liquid and above that are solid haloalkan up to 18 carbon chain and colourless and has a sweet dish order

Melting and boiling point of haloalkanes

It is higher because haloalkan has

Greater molecular mass

Greater magnitude of Van der Waal force handsome greater boiling point

Existence of dipole dipole interaction due to the polarity in the molecule

Solubility

Hello alkens a slightly polar but there insoluble water because they can need a form hydrogen bond with water molecule nor they can break the hydrogen bond already existing in water

Explain why isomeric haloalkan has less boiling and melting point

The branching of chain makes the molecules more compact and degrees its surface area due to the decreases surface area chain molecule has lesser contact with the adjacent molecule this decrease is the magnitude of force existing between the two hence boiling point degree is

Density

Hello alkens are lighter than water while bromo alkane and iodoal heavier than water they are relative density is follows the order

I Br Cl

Relative stability

Stability of the haloalkanes follows the order fcl BR

This is because the bond strength of a carbon held Bond follow the order CF cbrci

Carbon iodine bond is the weakest of all bonds strength which is why alky iodide are least stable

Steering hindrance in SN2 reaction

Higher the number of alkyl group attached to A carbon atom of carbon halide Bond more is the static hindrance and consequently lesson is the reactivity of the alkyl halide toward SN to reaction

Difference between SN1 reaction and SN2 reaction

1 rate of reaction depend on one concentration term only

Rate of reaction depend on two concentration terms

2 for the same halogen atom the order of reactivity is tertiary secondary primary ch3x

For the same halogen atom the order of reactivity is ch3x primary secondary tertiary

3 polar solvent favours SN1 reaction

Nonpolar solvent favours as an reaction