Sleep

Sleep

Sleep as psychological construct

Altered states of consciousness

Different brain waves

EEG

Detect, amplify and record electrical signals from the brain

EMG

Detect, amplify and record electrical signals from the muscles

EOG

Detect, amplify and record electrical signals from the muscles around the eyes

Sleep wake cycle

Circadian rhythms

Pyschological construct

a concept that is to describe specific ‘pyschological’ activity, that is believed to occur or exist but cannot be directly observed

Consciousness

Our awareness of objects and events in the external world, and of our sensations, mental experiences and own existence at any given moment

Characteristics of Consciousness (CCPS)

Continous, changing, personal and selective

Personal

Subjective understaning of both unique internal world and the external environment

Selective

Can choose to attend to certain things and ignore others

Continous

Changing

New info will continually come into awareness particularly while you are awake

Normal waking consciousness

the states of consciousness assocaited with being awake and aware of objects and events in the external world and of ones sensations, mental experiences and own existence (heightened awareness)

Altered state of consciousness

Any state of consciousness that is distinctly different from normal waking consciousness in terms of level of awareness and experience

Naturally Occuring Altered State of Consciousness

A type of ASc that occurs without intervention

Induced altered states of consciousness

A type of ASC that occurs due to a purposeful action or aid

Sleep

regularly occuring ASC that typically occurs naturally and is primarly characteristed by partial or total suspension of conscious awareness

How to measure construct of sleep

Info provoded by individuals and groups (self reports)

Behaviour that is demonstrated (responses by participants observed during sleep)

Physiological changes that can be measured (recording of brain wave activity)

Sleep

Reversible behavioural state of perceptual disengagement from and unresponsiveness to the environme

Characteristics of Sleep (PUR)

Perceptual disengagement, unresponsiveness and reversibility

Beta waves

High frequency

Low amplitude

Irregular

Alertness

Alpha waves

High frequency

Low amplitude

Regular comb like

Relaxed calm wakeful state

Theta

Medium freq

Mixture of high and low amp waves

Delta

Low frequency

High amp

Sleep diaries

A record from an individual containning qualitative descriptions of the amount and nature of their sleep over a period of time

Video monitoring

A type of data collection involving video and sound recording of an individual in their sleeping period

Biological rhythms

Cyclic changes in bodily function or activites that repeat themselves over time in the same order

Circadian

A biological rhythm that involves changes in bodily function or activities that occur as part of a cycle with a duration of about 24 hours

Ultradian

Endogenous

Originates with each individual

Exogenous

Has its origins outside an organism

Zeitgebers

Environmental time cues which help to maintain the biological clock to a 24 hour day.

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Differences between REM and NREM sleep

Sleep Deprivation

a state caused by inadequate quantity or quality of sleep either voluntarily or involuntarily

Sleep quantity

The amount of sleep quantitively measure using time

Sleep quality

How we feel we have slept qualitatively measure using self report measures

Total sleep deprivation

No sleep at all over a short term or long term period

Partial sleep deprivation

Having less sleep (quantity or quality) than what is normally required

Sleep deprivation leads to _ ?

Affective, behavioural and cognitive functioning

Affective functioning

-Find it difficult to regulate emotions

-Short tempered and easily irritated

-Amplified emotional response

-Emotional reactivity is more likely to occur if REM sleep is lost

Behavioural Functioning

-Sleep inertia

-Fatigure

-Excessive sleepiness during normal waking time

Cognitive Functioning

-Attention and alertness

-Selective attention and divided attention

A BAC of 0.1 is equivalent to _ hours of sleep deprivation

24 hours

A BAC of 0.05 is equivalent to how many hours of sleep deprivation?

17 hours

Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder

a circadian rhythm disorder where the sleep wake cycle is advanced

Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder

the sleep wake cycle is delayed

Who is most likely to be affected by ASPD

Older age

Who is most likely to be affected by DSPS

Adolescence

Symptoms of ASPD

Early sleepiness, insomnia

Symptoms of DSPS

Sleep hygiene