THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

White blood cells

________ known as macrophages are always present on their inner surfaces, where they ingest and destroy airborne irritants such as bacteria, chemicals, and dust.

Mucous membranes

________ lining upper respiratory structures trap some foreign particles, including smoke and other pollutants, before the air travels down to the lungs.

Scroll

________- shaped bones, the nasal conchae, protrude and form spaces through which the air passes.

Oxygen

________ from inhaled air diffuses from the alveoli into pulmonary capillaries surrounding them.

respiratory system

In the ________, structures that produce sound depend on the hyoid.

arytenoid cartilages

The ________ push the vocal cords, or vocal folds, together.

narrow capillaries

When oxygenated blood reaches the ________, the red blood cells release the oxygen.

nervous system

As air enters the cavities, some chemicals in the air bind to and activate ________ receptors on the cilia.

pharynx

The ________, or throat, is shaped like a funnel.

key organ

It keeps the air passages open during breathing and digestion and is the ________ for producing sound.

pulmonary ventilation

In ________, air is inhaled through the nasal and oral cavities (the nose and mouth)

oropharynx

The ________ lies posterior to the oral cavity and contains the palatine tonsils.

Phonation

________ is the creation of sound by structures in the upper respiratory tract of the respiratory system.

carbon dioxide

Inside the lungs, oxygen is exchanged for ________ waste through the process called external respiration.

OLFACTION

________ (SMELLING) The nasal cavities are chambers of the internal nose.

larynx

The ________ connects the lower part of the pharynx, the laryngopharynx, to the trachea.

bloodstream delivers

The ________ oxygen to cells and removes waste carbon dioxide through internal respiration, another key function of the respiratory system.

ALVEOLI

________- The lungs microscopic air sacs, ________, are elastic, thin- walled structures arranged in clumps at the ends of respiratory bronchioles.

digestive processes

The U- shaped hyoid bone, located just under the chin, is an important contributor to both respiratory and ________.

oral cavities

During respiration, it conducts air between the larynx and trachea (or "windpipe) "and the nasal and the ________.

Greater tension

________ in the vocal cords creates more rapid vibrations and higher- pitched sounds.

upper respiratory system

The ________, or upper respiratory tract, consists of the nose and nasal cavity, the pharynx, and the larynx.

Epithelial cilia

________ (commonly called "nose hair) "and a mucous membrane line the inside of the cavities.

chest cavity

The mouth and nose channel air from outside the body through a system of tubes of diminishing size that eventually reach the two lungs situated on either side of the heart within the ________.

fatty substances

It is produced by alveolar cells and consists mainly of ________, such as cholesterol and phospholipids, and proteins.

Healthy lungs

________ are approximately cone- shaped, pinkish in color, and occupy most of the chest cavity.

hyoid

The ________ is attached to the tongue, and helps you to swallow at the start of digestion.

paranasal sinuses

The ________ are four paired, air- filled cavities found inside bones of the skull.

Lesser tension

________ causes slower vibration and a lower pitch.

Cellular respiration

________ occurs in every body cell when oxygen reacts with glucose to free its energy in chemical form.

respiratory system aids

The ________ in breathing, also called pulmonary ventilation.

Oxygen

________ passes from the air in the alveoli into the blood by diffusion through the alveolar and capillary walls Carbon dioxide diffuses from blood into the alveoli.

respiratory system

The ________ also helps us to smell things and create sound.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

THE ________ COMPILED BY HOWIE BAUM Through breathing, inhalation and exhalation, the ________ facilitates the exchange of gases between the air and the blood and between the blood and the bodys cells.

These sinuses are named for the skull bones that contain them

Frontal Ethmoidal Sphenoidal Maxillary Mucosae line the paranasal sinuses and help to warm and humidify the air we inhale

The pharynx includes three regions

The nasopharynx is posterior to the nasal cavity and serves only as a passageway for air

One, the epiglottis, is a lifesaver

Located on the posterior side of the larynx, the epiglottis closes like a trap door as we swallow

This stimulus sends a signal to the brain

neurons take the signal from the nasal cavities through openings in the ethmoid bone, and then to the olfactory bulbs

There are more than 300 million alveoli in both lungs, providing a huge surface area for gas exchange

about 40 times greater than the bodys outer surface