409: Exam 2 Male genitalia

HPV genital wart

small, raised bumps or cauliflower-like growths on/around genitals

condylomata acuminate: HPV wart, soft painless wartlike lesion on penis, single/multiple papular lesions; can be pearly, filiform, fungating(ulcerating and necrotic) cauliflower, or plaque like

Dysuria

pain or burning when urinating

Epididymis

connects testicle to vas deferens
Palpate for: consistency, size, tenderness, bleeding masses, lumpiness or nodules

Glans

sensitive, cone-shaped tip of penis, covered by foreskin

Smegma

white cheesy sebaceous matter, collects in glans

Hydrocele

fluid fills scrotal sac → swelling, may cause pain/discomfort
Common in infancy and will generally disappear spontaneously in 1st 6months of life

erectile dysfunction

inability to achieve/maintain erection for satisfactory sexual intercourse

Impotence

inability to achieve erection/orgasm

Fundus

part of hollow organ
Ex: uterus/gallbladder

Prepuce

foreskin
Unless pt has been circumcised prepuce covers the glans

inguinal hernia

find on inguinal canal
Palpate lower part of scrotum and carry it upwards along the vas deferens into inguinal canal

Hypospadias

location of urinary meatus on ventral surface of the penis(aka opening of urethra is on underside of penis)
A contraindication for circumcision

Urethral meatus

urethra opening, can examine external meatus

Nocturia

frequent peeing at night

Orchitis

inflammation of testicles, torsion of spermatic cord
Results in acute swelling in scrotum w/ discoloration

(Para)phimosis

inability to replace foreskin to its usual position after it has been retracted behind the glans

Retraction

foreskin should be able to retract enough to permit good urinary stream
testes go back into inguinal canal or abdomen
Do not force retraction of the foreskin

Rugated

vaginal walls are rugated, scrotal sac as well

Sulcus

groove at base of glans

Torsion

twisting of testis around around spermatic cord, is a surgical emergency

Varicocele

abnormal tortuosity and dilation of veins of pampiniform plexus w/in spermatic cord; AKA mass of varicose veins in spermatic cord

vas deferens

begins at tail of epididymis, ascends spermatic cord, travels through inguinal canal and unites with seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct

Transillumination

shine light through body area/organ to determine solid(block light) or fluid-filled mass(lights up)
use penlight to transilluminate mass found
If penlight transilluminate mass, there is no change in size when reduction is attempted, most likely contains fluid
Mass that doesn’t translluminate but does change in size when reduction is attempted is probably a hernia

TSE (testicular self exam)

teaching 13-14 through adulthood examine every month
Testicular tumor no early symptoms but detected early by palpated and treated, prognosis much improved– do in the shower/bath when hands/scrotum are warm. Hold scrotum in palm of hand, gently feel each testicle w/ thumb and first 2 fingers.Tesicle is egg shaped and movable, feels rubbery with smooth surface, like hard boiled egg. If notice firm, painless lump/hard area/overall enlarged testicle go get checked
Incidence of testicular cancer is rare but most commonly occurs in 15-35yr olds

PSA test

Prostate Specific Antigen test. In European trail, reduce the risk of death from prostate cancer by 21% but was associated with overdiagnoses
So a bit controversial to do with lack of evidence but still done
Its an issue if Prostate cancer screening tests are large enough to outweigh associated harms which include false-positive screening tests, unnecessary biopsies and overdiagnosis. Unable to determine indolent(slow to develop) tumor and lethal, which can lead to unnecessary prostate cancer treatment