nucleic acids A1.2

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content on nucleic acid from bio unit A1.2

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13 Terms

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dna

  • genetic material of all living organisms

  • double helix

  • made of nucleotides

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dna nitrogenous bases

adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

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nucleotide structure

phosphate, sugar, base

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nucleotide

single unit of nucleic acid

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difference in rna and dna sugar

one less oxygen in dna sugar (on second carbon)

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how is a strand of nucleotides joined

  • covalent bonds between phosphate and sugar (phosphodiester bond)

  • sugar-phosphate backbone

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condensation reactions

  • anabolic - join monomers to make polymers

  • endothermic - require energy to take place

  • creates covalent bond

  • water is produced as byproduct

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which bases are purines

adenine and guanine - larger bases with additional ring

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which base are pyramindines

thymine, uracil, cytosine - single ring

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complementary base pairing

  • each base will only line up properly with one other (a-t and g-c)

  • hydrogen bonds hold them together (2 for at and 3 for gc)

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nucleosomes

regions of dna wrapped around 8 proteins called histones with an additional one to lock it into place

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euchromatin

  • loosely bound nucleosomes to each other

  • can be transcribed

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heterochromatin

tightly bound