Cell Organelles

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10 Terms

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Ribosomes

(membrane or not, function (main), pro or eukar, what it looks like, translation)

non membrane
Function: protein synthesis
Found: prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Made: proteins and rRNA
Both types of cells have a large and small

In translation: ribosomes assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains following the mRNA sequence

<ul><li><p>non membrane </p></li><li><p>Function: protein synthesis </p></li><li><p>Found: prokaryotic and eukaryotic </p></li><li><p>Made: proteins and rRNA </p></li><li><p>Both types of cells have a large and small </p></li></ul><p>In translation: ribosomes assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains following the mRNA sequence </p>

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

membrane channeles
Found: eukaryotic cells
TWO PARTS, rouch endoplasmic and smooth endoplasmic
- Rough: has ribosomes bound to the membrane
- Smooth: no ribosomes attached
Function: synthesis of lipids and detoxifying substances.

<ul><li><p>membrane channeles </p></li><li><p>Found: eukaryotic cells</p></li><li><p>TWO PARTS, rouch endoplasmic and smooth endoplasmic </p><ul><li><p>Rough: has ribosomes bound to the membrane </p></li><li><p>Smooth: no ribosomes attached </p></li></ul></li><li><p>Function: synthesis of lipids and detoxifying substances.</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Golgi Complex/Body

Stack of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae
- Interior: “lumen”
- Conteols modification and packaging of proteins for transport
In eukaroytic cells
Proteins made on the free ribosomes or rough endoplasmic reticulum are sent to the golgi which odifies the proteins into their final formation + packages the finished proteins into VESICLES for transport throughout the cell
Found near the rough endoplasmic reticulum

<ul><li><p>Stack of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae </p><ul><li><p>Interior: “lumen”</p></li><li><p>Conteols modification and packaging of proteins for transport </p></li></ul></li><li><p>In eukaroytic cells</p></li><li><p>Proteins made on the free ribosomes or rough endoplasmic reticulum are sent to the golgi which odifies the proteins into their final formation + packages the finished proteins into VESICLES for transport throughout the cell </p></li><li><p>Found near the rough endoplasmic reticulum </p></li></ul><p></p>

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Lysosomes

Eukaryotic cells mostly in animal cells
membrane bound sacs containing hydroloytic enzymes that are used in MANY cell processes
Helps digest macromolecules, breakdown worn out cell parts, function in apoptosis, and destorys bacteria and viruses that have entered the cell

<ul><li><p>Eukaryotic cells mostly in animal cells</p></li><li><p>membrane bound sacs containing hydroloytic enzymes that are used in MANY cell processes </p></li><li><p>Helps digest macromolecules, breakdown worn out cell parts, function in apoptosis, and destorys bacteria and viruses that have entered the cell</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Vacuoles

membrane bound sac found in EUKARYOTIC CELLS
function: food or water storage, water regulation, waste storage
In hydrated plant cells vacuoles occupy most colume by filling up cell space
- Provide plant cell with tugor pressure and support

<ul><li><p>membrane bound sac found in EUKARYOTIC CELLS </p></li><li><p>function: food or water storage, water regulation, waste storage </p></li><li><p>In hydrated plant cells vacuoles occupy most colume by filling up cell space </p><ul><li><p>Provide plant cell with tugor pressure and support</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>

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Mitochondria

powerhouse of the cell
- produce energy for the cell
double membrane
- smooth outer and folded inner membrane to increase surface area
Center = enzyme containing fluid called the matrix
- Krebs/citric occur here
- Contains mDNA and ribosomes

<ul><li><p>powerhouse of the cell </p><ul><li><p>produce energy for the cell</p></li></ul></li><li><p>double membrane </p><ul><li><p>smooth outer and folded inner membrane to increase surface area </p></li></ul></li><li><p>Center = enzyme containing fluid called the matrix </p><ul><li><p>Krebs/citric occur here </p></li><li><p>Contains mDNA and ribosomes</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>

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Chloroplasts

in plants and algae
used in photosynthesis (light dependent)
double membrane —> smooth outer and membranous saccs called “thylakoids” —> stacked grana
liquid = stroma (enzymes in the stroma used in photosynthesis)

<ul><li><p>in plants and algae </p></li><li><p>used in photosynthesis (light dependent) </p></li><li><p>double membrane —> smooth outer and membranous saccs called “thylakoids” —> stacked grana </p></li><li><p>liquid = stroma (enzymes in the stroma used in photosynthesis)</p><p></p></li></ul><p></p>

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Centrosome

animal cells
helps microtubules assemble into spindle fibers needed for cell divison
defects associated w/ disregulation of cell cycle (leading to cancer)

<ul><li><p>animal cells </p></li><li><p>helps microtubules assemble into spindle fibers needed for cell divison </p></li><li><p>defects associated w/ disregulation of cell cycle (leading to cancer)</p></li></ul><p></p>

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Amyloplast

plant cells
excess glucose is stored as starch molecules
found in the root and rubers of starchy vegatbles

<ul><li><p>plant cells </p></li><li><p>excess glucose is stored as starch molecules </p></li><li><p>found in the root and rubers of starchy vegatbles </p></li></ul><p></p>

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Prokaryotic versus eukaryotic

Prokaryotic = simple

Eukaryotic = more complex

Animal and plant cells are both eukarotic