PWS 112 Floral Design Final Spring

Know about containers—functions, sizes, shapes, styles, colors, common materials, pros, & cons

function: must hold water/not leak, have big enough water reservoir, have stable base

Size: must have large enough area for stems, opening/rim must be wide enough to hold stem(s), neck must be wide enough to fit desired amount of stems, must be heavy enough to physically support arrangement

shape: can set period-style theme, dictate the form of the finished composition

STYLE: container influences style and mood of a floral arrangement, decorative appeal of a container should be in harmony with the style of an arrangement

pro: has ability to enhance design/compatible with entire arrangement, add to unity and harmony

con: can compete/conflict with flower colors, bad choice can be inharmonious

Which color from the color wheel is most versatile for containers?

green

What does mechanics refer to?

The methods of constructing a flower arrangement

Know about foundation, natural stem grids, floral foam and the best way to soak, cut, and secure floral foam?

foundation: the base of a design from which elements arise, must be secure & functional (i.e. natural grid or using tape & wire grids, floral foam, & pin holders)

natural stem grids: interweaving stems w/in a vase to create an interlocking tight crisscross to hold flowers in position

Floral foam:

• Let soak on its own, never force down, stick knife in to get trapped air bubbles out

• use a knife

• add waterproof tape across the top of the design for additional stability

What is lacing?

a natural method of crossing stems to form a grid to hold flowers in position within a vase. a technique for making hand-tied bouquets

What are pin holders?

heavy metal base with many closely spaced, sharp-pointed pins sticking upright (flower stems arranged directly onto pins or wedged between them)

Know about wire types, gauges, & uses.

chicken wire, wire grids, straight wire, covered wire, beaded wire, metallic & bullion wire, aluminum & flat wire

standard scale of measurement used to determine the thickness of wire; lower the #, thicker the wire; common floral wire gauges range from heavy #16 to delicate #30

strengthen weak stems, speed process of design, add interest, help flowers stay in place, create unusual shapes, offer strength and support

What are the pros & cons with using green enameled (painted) wire in floral arrangements?

Green is preferred because it blends with stems/not difficult to disguise, doesn't easily rust in water like silver wire

Know about adhesives, tapes, clays, pins, picks, paints, sprays.

adhesives: contribute to design security, keeps individual parts anchored in place

Tape: waterproof tape, adhesive dots & strips, floral tape, saves time & labor

Clay: floral clay, moisture resistant, commonly used to secure plastic liners within baskets, attach & secure pin holders & anchor pins & other items that will be in water

Pins: help secure and anchor items in designs, strengthen stems,or keep flowers fresh; corsage & boutonniere pins, decorative pins

Picks: help secure & anchor items into floral designs; wood picks, decorative picks, whimsical faux jewel picks

Paints: offer a way of subtly altering the appearance of a flower, foliage, container, or accessory

Sprays: used to help lengthen life of flower, add luster to flowers, foliage, and accessories

What are popular accessories?

ribbon. bows, plush toys, candles, balloons

What are the pros to satin acetate ribbon?

it is the least expensive, comes in lots of colors and widths, and it can be used in many ways; functional and most cost-effective ribbon type

What are the most common ribbon widths and uses?

15mm (⅝")- used to accent corsages, bridal bouquets, small plants and planters, bud vases, everyday floral arrangements

36mm (1 7/16")- used to accent corsages, bridal bouquets, plants in 6" pots or bigger, everyday designs, larger decorations, and presentation bouquets

68mm (2 11/16")- large scale designs and decorations, casket sprays & those on funeral easels

What are the 3 main types of candles?

taper, pillar, votive

Why are glowing lights used?

To take the place in venues where candles are not allowed, and outdoor events where the wind and other elements may be a limiting factor.

Why are flowers and foliages categorized by form/shape? Name the 4 categories. Describe each and how they function in a design.

arranging purposes and how they function in a design

Line: generally tall and long with several blossoms, placed first in the design to create the skeleton (ex: Larkspur, Delphinium)

Form: interesting or distinctive forms or shapes that are captivating. Often used near the rim of container as a traditional focal point (ex: Bird of Paradise, Anthurium)

Mass: add mass to an arrangement. Solitary type flowers, consisting of a single, rounded flowerhead at the top of a stem. (ex: roses, carnations, mums)

Filler: complex branching systems and tiny flowers, generally much smaller in scale than the flowers next to them. Used to fill empty spaces, add accent, and complete the design. (ex: baby's breath, statice)

1. Line- set framework and shape/size

2. Form- achieve emphasis

3. Mass- support the focal area

4. Filler- complete and unify the design

Why do some flowers fit into several shape categories?

Depends on their placement and function within the design. Determined according to the arrangement and location of the flower within the design.

American floral designs are a blending of what 2 diverse styles?

What are factors that influence the final shape of a design?

Name the basic shapes of arrangements.

triangular, circular, vertical, horizontal

What does framework refer to?

basic structure of design

What is first or foremost in determining the shape of the (unmade) design?

Name the symmetrical triangle and the asymmetrical triangle designs. Which designs are classified as circular? Why are some called mass, while others line/curvilinear?

What is another name for a fan-shaped design?

radiating design

What is a topiary ball or cone design?

Topiary ball: perfectly round sphere

Cone shaped design: typical of the Byzantine period and is a 3D vertical isosceles triangle

Many asymmetrical designs require much negative space for success, why?

Who is the S-shaped design named for, why?

William Hogarth

Their shape comes from his self-portrait titled Portrait of the Painter and his Pug in which the artist drew a serpentine line on a painters pallet with the words "The line of beauty" written under the S-line. He theorized that all beauty was based on the serpentine S-line, documenting his beliefs later in The Analysis of Beauty

What is the simplest vertical design called?

Bud vase design- a single flower or a limited grouping of flowers and foliage

What is a stylized vertical design?

Highly artistic, may emphasize vertical line with simplicity, texture, design of vase. Requires focal point near rim of vase or at upper edges

What are some guidelines for corsage design?

Theme and style, Size and shape, Mechanics and balance, Focal area.

How are theme and style, proportion, scale, shape, mechanics, balance, and focal area important?

What is conditioning?

a technique that allows flowers and foliage to fully hydrate with water and preservative before being used in designs

Why are corsages wired and taped?

Wire allows more freedom in design (easier to maneuver stems) and it strengthens and sometimes provides a new stem for flowers

Wiring and taping replaces natural stems because they would be too heavy and bulky

basic wiring techniques

What are accessories?

Non-flower/foliage items incorporated into a design, such as ribbon, jewels, artificial leaves, colored/beaded wire

What are some advantages to making and using ribbon loops in corsages?

What is tulle?

Netting - Provides a background and creat a fullness without adding weight. Available in huge variety of colors, patterns, textures, and styles.

Where is a corsage/boutonniere traditionally worn and why?

What is a nestled boutonniere?

A boutonniere where a small filler flower is inserted into the center of a carnation. Named this because they are settled into a position that seems comfortable and safe within a cushion of another flower.

What is an epaulet corsage, glamellia corsage?

epaulet: made to be worn on top of the shoulder and cascade down, both in front and back

glamellia: made from various sizes of gladiolus florets arranged to resemble a camellia flower

What is a football mum corsage?

Regional - Traditional for high school and college homecoming football games, dances, parades, and other festivities. Created with up to 3 football mums & a variety of long, cascading ribbons in the school's colors. usually with accessories, the school colors, name, & even the individual's name.

What are some other floral designs to wear?

Wrist corsage, Head wreath = chaplet, Hair pieces, Miniture nosegays, Leis

How is packaging important?

It prevents moisture loss, protects the design, and provides an attractive gift for the recipient.

In contrast to European styles of design, what characteristics have oriental floral arranging focused on?

What is characteristic to Chinese arrangements?

Less stylized and less recognized and studies than Japanese style. Symbolic of nature with few flowers and interesting branches. Yang vs Yin, opposites in nature. Arrangements include the use of a strong and dominate, upright/vertical element, and use of a more delicate, horizontal, or drooping element.

Contrast the Japanese style to the Chinese style.

Chinese arrangements are less stylized, less recognized, and appear less carefully planned than Japanese arrangements. Japanese designs are highly stylized and adhere to strict rules of construction.

Although there are many Japanese schools and styles, what is the philosophy they all share?

What is a tokonoma?

an alcove in a home in which a flower arrangement, a hanging scroll, and other art is displayed

What does the word ikebana mean?

"Giving life to flowers". The art of Japanese floral arrangement.

Japanese flower arrangements can be divided into how many groups and what are the names?

Define and describe: Rikka (rikkwa), shin, soe, tai, shoka (seika), yang, yin; describe the following: kubari, kenzan, nageire (heika) moribana.

Which style is known for using upright vases?

nageire and heika

Which style is known for using low, shallow containers?

moribana

Define jiyu-bana. kubari, kenzan, moribana, tai, shin, soe, nageire, Ikebana, jiyu-bana, and shoka.

What is the mille de fleur design referred to as?

Define floral framing

How are promotion, advertising, and networking important in the wedding business?

Name some qualifications necessary for a competent bridal consultant.

What are important items of discussion at the consultation?

Who typically pays for the bridal bouquet?

Groom and family

Who historically pays for the other floral designs?

The bride

going away corsage

a floral remembrance worn by the bride as she leaves with her husband for the honeymoon

traditional ceremony and reception decorations.

Name the traditional styles of bridal bouquets.

Name and describe the 3 various ways that bridal bouquets are constructed.

Tell about some of the research results regarding sympathy flowers.

How have funeral flowers and customs changed in the last century?

What are some historic sympathy designs?

Set pieces symbolized a life interrupted by death, such as a broken ladder, broken wheel, broken or bleeding heart, or empty chair. Gates ajar were, and still remain, very popular.

Tell about the effect of the phrase, "in lieu of flowers."

Name the basic floral pieces that are commonly displayed at funerals.

What are the various heart designs?

Solid heart, open heart, broken heart, bleeding heart, double heart

What is a sympathy wreath symbolic of?

Symbolic of eternal life and never-ending love

What are the common complaints of funeral directors about the florist and floral tributes?

wreath

flower arrangement consisting of a circular band of foliage or flowers for ornamental purposes

open heart

has negative space like a wreath

solid heart

set piece, closed heart and covered. Large quantity of flowers. flower stems cut short and poked into wettable foam or glued and wired onto a hard form.

broken heart

pall bearer boutonnieres

worn by those who carry the casket

rosary

pillow design

set piece, signifies eternal and peaceful rest. long time favorite floral tribute in several regions.represents family, home, comfort and God's watchful care. using hard or wettable foam forms trimmed with pleated ribbon and lace. early 1900s most popular set pieces, made on wire frame. Script was added.

set piece

a three-dimensional scenery piece that stands by itself, such as a rock or tree

casket spray

large floral design placed on top of the casket

inset design

designed to fit into the corner of the open lid of a casket. generally coordinate in color and style to the casket spray.

arm bouquet

A flowers-to-carry arrangement that is designed to look like a sheaf of flowers and is carried cradled in the person's arm.

basket bouquet

a specialty hand-held bouquet constructed in a basket

cascade bouquet

a hand-held wedding bouquet style in which the flowers hang down below the main portion of the design

clutch bouquet

A simple or casual gathering of flowers tied with ribbon, raffia, or string for a natural, garden picked appearance