Abnormal Psychology Specific phobias and anxiety disorders handout

agoraphobia

Involves fearing and avoiding places or situations that might cause panic and feelings of being trapped, helpless or embarrassed

where they have trouble escaping or getting help

What places might people fear if they become anxious

true

true/false - Specific phobias and agoraphobia are unreasonable or irrational fears of specific objects or situations

marked fear or anxiety

when confronted with the object or situation

1. animal type

2. natural environment type

3. situational type

4. blood injection type

What are the 4 categories of specific phobias or agoraphobia

negatively

Behaviorally, how are phobias reinforced

prepared classical conditioning

the name of the conditioning of fears to certain objects or situations

families

Biologically, we know that phobias tend to run in

common treatments of phobias

behavioral interventions, systematic desensitization which is when an individual is exposed to fears, learns relaxation techniques, etc., blood injection injuries, and use of biological methods with drug relief benzodiazepines

social anxiety

anxiety associated with social situations and the fear of being rejected, judged, or humiliated in public

social anxiety

preoccupation with worries to avoid social situations is an example of what

common symptoms with social anxiety

sweating, heart palpitations, dizziness full panic attacks

12%

What percentage within the US experiences social anxiety

criteria for social anxiety

•      Marked fear or anxiety surrounding one or more social situations where exposure to possible scrutiny

•      Fear of showing anxiety symptoms

•      Social situations almost always provoke fear

•      Social situations are avoided or endured with intense fear

•      Fear or anxiety is out of proportion to threat

•      Causes clinically significant distress or impairment

 

cognitive

theory of social anxiety that consists of excessively high standards for social performance

SSRI’s

treatment for social anxiety

panic attacks

panic disorderes includes ______ which may be situational or have no triggers

3-5%

how frequent are panic disorders

panic disorder

is an abrupt surge of intense fear or intense discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes

biological

theory of panic disorders that include fight or flight response & poor regulation of neurotransmitters

cognitively

theory of panic disorders in which those who suffer with panic disorder tend to pay close their bodily sensations, misinterpret sensations in a negative way, snowball into catastrophic thinking, and have elevated activity in their ANS (cardiovascular) system

biological factors of panic disorders

•      Heightened activity of their sympathetic nervous system

•      Greater reactivity of the amygdala

•      Abnormalities of the GABA neurotransmitter

•      Excessive firing in the limbic system

•      Modest evidence of inheritance

separation from their primary caregiver and something bad happening when away

separation anxiety commonly relates to what

3%

what percentage of children under 11 have separation anxiety

DSM 5 criteria for seperation anxiety

•    Developmentally inappropriate fear or anxiety concerning separation from an attached individual as evidenced by three of the following

•     Recurrent excessive distress when anticipating or experiencing separation from home or individual

•     Persistent and excessive worry about losing attachment figures or possible harm to them – illness, injury, disasters, or death

•     Persistent and excessive worry about separation from a major attachment

•      Persistent reluctance or refusal to go out because of fear of separation.

•      Fear of being alone or without major attachment figures at home

•      Refusal to sleep away from home or go to sleep with being near attachment figure

•      Repeated nightmares involving the theme of separation

4 weeks; 6 months

Fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, lasting at least ______ in children and adolescents and typically _____ or more in adults

true

true/false - Common biological pathology for separation anxiety includes a family history

behavioral inhibition

symptoms of shy, fearful, and irritable as toddlers

psychological and sociocultural

what factors may include controlling and intrusive parents, critical and negative in communications, and inappropriate responses as infants

CBT for coping, by challenging own cognitions

treatment for seperation anxiety

obsessive compulsive disorder

What does OCD stand for

symptoms of OCD

symmetry and ordering, cleaning compulsions and holds hope for warding off danger to themselves or others

DSM 5 criteria for OCD

•      Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images

•      An individual’s attempts to ignore or suppress such thoughts, urges, or images, or neutralize with other thoughts

•      Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that individuals feel driven to perform in response to an obsession.

•      Aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety or distress, or preventing a dreaded event or

trichotillomania

hair pulling disorder related to OCD

skin picking disorder

•      Scabs creating significant lesions

•      Often becoming infected or causing scars

body dysmorphic disorder

people are excessively preoccupied with part of their body that they believe is defective but that others see as normal or only slightly unusual

Biological theory for OCD

•      Focus on a circuit in the brain involved in motor behavior, cognition, and emotion

•      some relief can be found with medical drug prescriptions that regulate serotonin

people who develop OCD

•      are depressed were generally anxious much of the time

•      have a tendency towards ridged, moralistic thinking

•      appear to believe they should be able to control all their thoughts

•      have trouble accepting that everyone has horrific notions from time to time

antidepressants and serotonin enhancements

biological treatments for OCS

exposure in response prevention which allows clients to see the thoughts themselves are not harmful

cognitive behavioral treatments for OCD

15%

What % within adults over 65 years have anxiety disorders

OCD

Hoarding is a compulsive disorder that is closely related to what

throw away possessions

hoarding is exemplified by an inability to what

emotional attachments

Hoarders make what to possesions equating them to their identity

DSM 5 criteria for hoarding

•      Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions

•      Perceived need to save the items and to avoid distress of parting with them

•      Accumulation of possessions congest and clutter living areas and compromises intended use

•      Clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas.

•      Hoarding specify – with excessive acquisition

•      Hoarding specify – good to fair insight, poor insight or absent insight