IELTS Reading Vocabulary Master - Core Terms and Concepts

Key academic vocabulary, topic-specific terminology, and high-yield collocations extracted from IELTS Reading preparation notes.

Significant

Considerable, substantial, notable, or main; having important impact or size.

Predominantly

Mainly, largely, or primarily.

Facilitate

To enable, assist, or make a process easier.

Constitute

To form, make up, or account for a specific portion.

Ecosystem

An ecological system consisting of living organisms and their physical environment.

Biodiversity

Biological variety within a habitat or ecosystem.

Irrigation

The artificial application and watering of crops and land.

Cognitive

Relating to mental processes, perception, reasoning, and intellectual awareness.

Demographic

Relating to the structure, statistics, and characteristics of human populations.

Urbanisation

The movement of population to urban areas and the physical growth of cities.

Excavation

The act or process of digging up historical or ancient remains.

Artifact

An object made or used by humans, typically of historical or cultural interest.

Hypothesis

A proposed explanation or model made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for research.

Methodology

The system of research methods, procedures, and rules used in a particular field of study.

Correlation

A mutual relationship, connection, or association between two or more variables.

Causation

The direct cause-and-effect relationship between events or variables.

Greenhouse gas

A heat-trapping gas in the atmosphere that contributes to global temperature increase.

Mitigate

To make less severe, serious, or painful; to reduce or alleviate.

Chronic

Long-term, persistent, or recurring over a extended period of time.

Acute

Sudden, severe, or intense in onset.

Sedentary

Involving little physical movement; inactive.

Conduct research

To carry out or perform systematic academic or scientific investigation.

Account for

To explain the cause or reason for something, or to make up a specific proportion.