Untitled Flashcards Set

SVO2

60-80%; higher SVO2 indicates worse patient condition.

Ideal Body Weight for ARDS

4-6ml/kg.

Horowitz Index

A ratio of the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood (PaO2) to the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2). A P/F ratio of 350-450 is normal.

Berlin Definition for ARDS

Based on hypoxemia; 300 indicates mild, 200 indicates moderatley severe, and below 100 indicates severe lung injury.

AC Ventilation

Preset tidal volume and rate; if the patient breathes extra, they will receive the preset tidal volume.

SIMV Ventilation

Extra breaths will be their own tidal volume.

CPAP

Continuous pressure with a common setting of 6/14 cm H2O.

PEEP

Positive End Expiratory Pressure during expiration.

PS

Pressure support during inspiration.

Pulmonary Shunting

Associated with atelectasis and alveolar collapse, often fixed with PEEP.

BIPAP

Bi-level positive airway pressure used in COPD and CHF cases.

Intubation for ARDS

Start at 100% FiO2, reduce to 60% in 1 hour, then to 40%.

Pneumonia Symptoms

Includes tachypnea, shortness of breath, fever, productive cough, and can include confusion in the elderly.

CXR Findings for Pneumonia

Bacterial: bronchopneumonia; Viral: bilaterally interstitial infiltrates.

Exudative Pleural Effusion

Pleural fluid with a higher protein ratio (greater than 0.5) and LDH ratio (greater than 0.6).

Transudative Pleural Effusion

Clear fluid with none of the above markers.

Obstructive Diseases in PFTs

Include asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema; characterized by low flow rates and normal or large lung volumes.

FVC (Forced Vital Capacity)

Total amount of air exhaled forcefully after taking a deep breath.

FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second)

Volume of air exhaled in the first second of forced expiration, key indicator of airflow obstruction.

FEV1/FVC Ratio

Considered good if above 0.7, indicates good lung function.

FEV 25-75

Average airflow rate during the middle portion of a forced exhalation, useful for detecting small airway disease.

PEFR (Peak Expiratory Flow Rate)

Fastest rate of air exhaled during a forced breath, often used to monitor asthma severity.

Restrictive Disease

Conditions such as morbid obesity and pulmonary fibrosis characterized by low volumes and low expiratory flow rates.

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

Amount of air in the lungs after inhaling as much as possible.

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

Amount of air remaining in the lungs after normal exhalation.

Residual Volume (RV)

Amount of air left in the lungs after exhaling as much as possible.

Hgb Normal Range

Normal 4-18 mg/dL in males, 12-16 mg/dL in females.

MCV

Average volume and size of RBCs, with normal values between 80-100.

Hypochromic Anemia

Anemia characterized by MCH < 32.

Types of Anemia

Include Macrocytic, Normocytic, and Microcytic.

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Characterized by microcytic symptoms and overall deficiency of iron.

Symptoms of Anemia

Can include tachycardia, fatigue, weakness, and paleness.

Benzo for Seizures

Medications like Valium or Ativan.

DDIs

Drug to drug interactions, particularly in anaemia treatment.

Hyponatremia Definition

Low sodium levels in the blood, often identified by urine sodium.

Hyperkalemia Symptoms

Weakness, fatigue, and cardiac arrhythmias.

Trousseau's Sign

Indicates hypocalcemia; positive when a BP cuff around the arm induces spasms.

Chvostek's Sign

Cheek twitching upon stimulation, indicative of hypocalcemia.

Signs of Hypercalcemia

Low energy levels, dehydration, and confusion, amongst others.

Transgender Definition

Identifies with a gender different from birth-assigned gender.

Phase 1 of compartment syndrome

Increased interstitial pressure leading to potential ischemia.

Acetaminophen Overdose Treatment

N-Acetylcysteine (Mycomyst) is the antidote.

Post-op Fever Causes

Can include non-infectious (like atelectasis) and infectious causes (like Pneumonia).

Red Man Syndrome

Caused by Vancomycin and treated with H1 blockers.

Hyperthyroidism Lab Findings

Low TSH with elevated T3.

Hypothyroidism Lab Findings

High TSH with low or normal T4.

Managing Infections

Use PSSP to assess: Presence, Severity, Site, and Pathogen.

EHR Use

Time-saving documentation method for increased efficiency.

Reliability

Consistency of a measure over time.

Validity

Accuracy of a measure in assessing what it is supposed to measure.