Dative Covalent Bonding

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Covalent Bonding

Last updated 6:16 AM on 8/30/26
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47 Terms

1
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Define a dative covalent bond.
A covalent bond in which both electrons in the shared pair are supplied by only one of the bonded atoms.
2
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What is another name for a dative covalent bond?
A coordinate bond.
3
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How is a dative covalent bond formed?
An empty orbital of one atom overlaps with an orbital containing a lone pair of electrons from another atom.
4
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What must the electron-donating atom have to form a dative covalent bond?
A lone pair of electrons.
5
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What must the electron-accepting atom have to form a dative covalent bond?
An empty orbital.
6
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How is a dative covalent bond represented in a displayed formula?
By an arrow pointing from the atom donating the lone pair towards the atom accepting the electron pair.
7
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What does the arrow in a dative covalent bond show?
The direction in which the electron pair is donated.
8
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Where does the arrow start in a dative covalent bond?
At the atom donating the lone pair.
9
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Where does the arrow point in a dative covalent bond?
Towards the atom with the empty orbital.
10
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What is the difference between an ordinary covalent bond and a dative covalent bond?
In an ordinary covalent bond, each atom supplies one electron; in a dative covalent bond, one atom supplies both electrons.
11
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Once formed, how does a dative covalent bond behave compared with an ordinary covalent bond?
It behaves like an ordinary covalent bond.
12
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13
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What is the formula of the hydroxonium ion?
H₃O⁺.
14
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How is H₃O⁺ formed?
H₂O donates a lone pair from oxygen to H⁺.
15
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Which atom donates the lone pair when H₃O⁺ forms?
The oxygen atom.
16
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Which species accepts the lone pair when H₃O⁺ forms?
H⁺.
17
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Why can H⁺ accept a lone pair?
It has an empty 1s orbital.
18
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Which bond in H₃O⁺ is initially formed as a dative covalent bond?
The O→H bond formed when oxygen donates a lone pair to H⁺.
19
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20
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What is the formula of the ammonium ion?
NH₄⁺.
21
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How is NH₄⁺ formed?
NH₃ donates the lone pair on nitrogen to H⁺.
22
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Which atom donates the lone pair when NH₄⁺ forms?
The nitrogen atom.
23
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Which species accepts the lone pair when NH₄⁺ forms?
H⁺.
24
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Why can ammonia form a dative covalent bond?
The nitrogen atom has a lone pair of electrons that it can donate.
25
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Which bond in NH₄⁺ is initially formed as a dative covalent bond?
The N→H bond formed when nitrogen donates its lone pair to H⁺.
26
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27
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Why can AlCl₃ act as an electron-pair acceptor?
The aluminium atom has only six electrons in its outer shell and therefore has an empty orbital.
28
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What happens to AlCl₃ molecules in the gas phase just above the sublimation temperature?
Two AlCl₃ molecules join to form Al₂Cl₆.
29
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What is the formula of the aluminium chloride dimer?
Al₂Cl₆.
30
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How is Al₂Cl₆ formed from AlCl₃?
Lone pairs on chlorine atoms are donated into empty orbitals on aluminium atoms of neighbouring AlCl₃ molecules.
31
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What type of bonds join the two AlCl₃ molecules in Al₂Cl₆?
Dative covalent bonds.
32
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Which atoms act as electron-pair donors in Al₂Cl₆?
The bridging chlorine atoms.
33
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Which atoms act as electron-pair acceptors in Al₂Cl₆?
The aluminium atoms.
34
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Why can chlorine act as an electron-pair donor in Al₂Cl₆?
Chlorine has lone pairs of electrons.
35
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Why can aluminium act as an electron-pair acceptor in Al₂Cl₆?
Aluminium has an empty orbital.
36
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How many chlorine atoms act as bridges between the aluminium atoms in Al₂Cl₆?
Two.
37
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What is meant by a bridging chlorine atom in Al₂Cl₆?
A chlorine atom bonded between the two aluminium centres and involved in a dative covalent bond.
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39
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How can NH₃ react with BF₃?
The nitrogen in NH₃ donates its lone pair to the electron-deficient boron atom in BF₃.
40
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Why can NH₃ act as an electron-pair donor?
Nitrogen has a lone pair of electrons.
41
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Why can BF₃ act as an electron-pair acceptor?
The boron atom has an incomplete outer shell and an empty orbital.
42
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How is the dative bond in NH₃BF₃ represented?
N→B.
43
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Which atom donates the electron pair in NH₃BF₃?
Nitrogen.
44
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Which atom accepts the electron pair in NH₃BF₃?
Boron.
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What key feature should you look for when identifying the donor in a dative bond?
An atom with an available lone pair of electrons.
47
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What key feature should you look for when identifying the acceptor in a dative bond?
An atom or ion with an empty orbital that can accept an electron pair.