Unit 6_Test #2 [Thermal Energy and Electricity]

Thermal Energy

The energy that comes from the temperature of matter, representing the total kinetic energy of its particles. It is a form of energy that can be transferred between objects through heat.

Temperature

Heat

Equilibrium

Thermal Conductor

A material that allows heat to pass through it easily, facilitating the transfer of thermal energy.

Thermal Insulator

A material that resists the transfer of heat energy, preventing heat flow.

Electric Charge

Electron

Circuit

A closed loop that allows electric current to flow, consisting of a source, conductors, and a load.

Open Circuit

Closed Circuit

A complete electrical pathway that allows current to flow without interruption.

Series Circuit

A type of circuit where components are connected in a single path, so the same current flows through all components in the circuit.

Parallel Circuit

A type of circuit where components are connected across multiple paths, allowing current to split and flow through different branches.

Current

The flow of electric charge in a circuit, measured in amperes, which is driven by voltage.

Voltage

The electric potential difference between two points in a circuit, measured in volts, which drives the flow of current.

Resistance

A measure of the opposition to the flow of electric current in a circuit, measured in ohms. It determines how much current will flow for a given voltage.

Battery (cell)

A device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy, providing a source of voltage in a circuit.

Ohm’s Law

A fundamental principle in electricity stating that the current flowing through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points and inversely proportional to the resistance. It is commonly expressed with the formula V=IR .This law is essential for analyzing electric circuits and understanding the relationships between voltage, current, and resistance.

Circuit Diagram

A graphical representation of an electrical circuit, showing components such as resistors, batteries, and wires, and their connections. It helps in understanding and analyzing the configuration and functioning of the circuit.