Rutgers Test A&P1 Questions.docx

Homeostasis

The body's ability to maintain internal stability by adjusting its physiological processes.

Feedback Inhibition

A regulatory mechanism where the output of a process is used as an input to control the behavior of the process itself.

Coronal Cut

A section that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions.

Sagittal Cut

A section that divides the body into left and right portions.

Physiologist

A scientist or doctor who studies the functions of living organisms.

Ionic Bond

A chemical bond formed by the attraction between positively and negatively charged ions.

ATP

Adenosine Triphosphate, the energy currency of the cell.

Dehydration Synthesis

A chemical process that links monomers together by removing a water molecule.

Catabolism

The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

Salts

Substances that dissociate into ions in water.

CO2

Carbon Dioxide, a compound found in the air.

Glycolysis

The metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvic acid.

Passive Transport

Movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy.

ATP-Dependent Sodium Potassium Pumps

Proteins that regulate the balance of sodium and potassium ions in cells.

Adipocytes

Cells responsible for storing fat.

Epithelial Tissue

Tissue that covers the surfaces of the body and lines internal organs.

Ground Substance

Supportive network formed by thin collagen fibers.

Hypertonic Solution

A solution with a higher solute concentration than the cell, causing water to move out of the cell.

mRNA

Messenger RNA, a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

Collagen Fibers

Long fibrous proteins that provide strength and support to tissues.

Electron Transport Chain

A series of protein complexes in the mitochondria that generate ATP.

Proteins

Compounds that provide structure and support to cells.

tRNA

Transfer RNA, a type of RNA that carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Organelle involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism.

Muscles

Elongated cells capable of contracting and generating force.

Lipids & Proteins

Molecules that make up the cell membrane.

Meiosis vs

Processes of cell division resulting in daughter cells with different chromosome numbers.

mRNA Translation Error

Removal of a single base in mRNA leads to a shift in the reading frame, causing errors in protein synthesis.

Totipotent Cells

Cells with the potential to develop into any cell type in the body.