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Ho Chi Minh

The communist leader of north Vietnam who led the rebellion against France and later against the USA

Domino Theory

The idea that if a nation falls to communism, its closest neighbors will also fall under communist control

approval and support

Auspices

Vietcong

The \___ were communist guerrilla fighters in South Vietnam who rebelled against the government of Diem.

The Cold War

The US was trying to stop the spread of communism in the world

stop the spread of communism in Southeast Asia

The goal of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) was to

protesting against Diem's government in South Vietnam

Buddhist monks of South Vietnam set themselves on fire

send more men to assist the government of South Vietnam

President Kennedy's policy in Vietnam was to...

ensure

To guarantee; secure

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Congress gave President Johnson authority to send US soldiers to fight against North Vietnam

their surprise attacks

One advantage of the Vietcong guerrilla fighters

Hawks

Those Americans who supported the war in Vietnam

American

William Westmoreland was commander of the \_____ soldiers in South Vietnam.

Doves

Those Americans who opposed fighting the war in Vietnam

Vietcong

The guerrilla fighters of South Vietnam who would ambush US soldiers

destroy crops and other plant life in Vietnam

Herbicides such as Agent Orange were used mainly to

Doctrine

Term meaning "teachings"

they doubted whether the war was crucial to American interests.

As the war lengthened, many Americans questioned US involvement in Vietnam because

displayed great courage as nurses in Vietnam.

American women

Napalm

This jellied gasoline was dropped in large canisters that exploded on impact, covering large areas in flames

The War Powers Act

The US Congress created this restriction on the President's war-making powers

Paris Peace Accords

All parties agreed in 1973 to a cease fire and the withdrawal of US troops from Vietnam

Vietnamization

Nixon's plan for gradual withdrawal of US forces as South Vietnamese forces assumed more combat duties

student deaths

Tensions between "doves" and the National Guard resulted in four \____ at Kent State in 1970.

Purple Heart

A \____ is awarded to members of US armed forces who are wounded or killed by the enemy in combat.

The North took over the South, and North and South Vietnam were then reunified

The end result of the Vietnam War

to bring about; cause

Induce

Prisoners of War (POWs)

The Nixon administration insisted on \___ being returned to the US as part of the peace agreement.

The Pentagon Papers

Classified papers from the US defense department that were published by the NY Times

massacre

The My Lai \____ was when several hundred Vietnamese were shot by US soldiers that village.

draftees

The US government used the Selective Service Act to order \___ to go to Vietnam for a one year tour of duty.

Tet Offensive

The major Viet Cong attack on towns and American bases throughout South Vietnam, named for the Vietnamese lunar new year

Free Speech Movement

When college students in California marched and protested, demanding the right to speak out against the Vietnam War

deferment

College students were granted a \___ (a postponement of their military service).

Credibility Gap

This term was used to describe the distrust of what the government said about the war because the media often reported something different

Richard Nixon

After President Johnson decided not to run for reelection, \____ was elected in 1968.

Silent Majority

Nixon promised that he would listen to the \____ , those who were not shouting and demonstrating.

Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)

This group was created in 1960 to campaign against racism and poverty, but by 1964 they were focused on protesting against the war

college students could easily avoid the draft

Some Americans questioned the fairness of the draft because

Inevitable

Certain to happen

the US made with the USSR freezing deployment of ICBMs and placed limits on ABMs

The Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) was a 1972 treaty ....

ping pong

In 1971 there was a \___ competition between the US and communist China that changed history.

detente

Nixon wanted to ease tensions with the communists - this is called

establishing better relations with both the USSR and communist China.

Nixon's greatest achievement in foreign affairs is considered to be

improve relations between the two superpowers.

When Nixon made his visit to Moscow in 1972, he sought to

Henry Kissinger

He was Nixon's National Security Advisor, and he worked closely with Nixon to end the Vietnam War. He also became Secretary of State in 1973

The People's Republic of China

In 1970, \___ was the most populous country in the world and yet they had not been officially recognized by the UN.

Realpolitik

The German word \____ refers to basing decisions on concrete national interests rather than abstract ideologies.

the superpowers could reach agreements relating to arms control.

The Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty proved that

China was viewed as an enemy.

Nixon's visit to Communist China was surprising because:

Ho Chi Minh Trail

supply line that ran through Laos and Cambodia to bring supplies to communists in South Vietnam

Teach-in

informal lecture and discussion or series of lectures on a subject of public interest (in this case, the Vietnam War)

Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I)

1972 treaty between the US and the Soviet Union that froze the deployment of intercontinental ballistic missiles and placed limits on anti ballistic missiles

Robert McNamara

Secretary of Defense during the Vietnam War

President Kennedy

the president that sent 16,000 "advisors" to Vietnam

President Johnson

soldiers fought directly against North Vietnam Vietminh and South Vietnam Vietcong during this man's presidency

President Nixon

withdrew soldiers while increasing bombing in Vietnam and Cambodia

use of drugs to "Free the Mind".

When Timothy Leary said "Tune in Turn on Drop out" he was talking about the

a peaceful concert featuring three days of music from major rock performers.

At the Woodstock festival, thousands of young people gathered for

Haight-Ashbury

About 2,000 people flocked to \___ in 1967 (a district of San Francisco popular with the hippies).

Communes

Small communities in which the people have common interests and share their resources

Generation Gap

The lack of understanding and communication between the young people and the older Americans

The Beatles

Popular rock music group that started in England and came to tour the US in 1964

The Silent Generation

This group had lived through the Depression and World War Two, valued loyalty and authority and they were the parents of the Baby Boomers

the Counterculture

The hippies (who valued youth, spontaneity, and individuality) were also referred to as

the increasing number of students during the Sixties.

The "Baby Boom" that followed World War Two contributed to

contradict

To go against expressed views

It failed to be ratified by enough States.

What prevented the Equal Rights Amendment from becoming law?

various forms of job discrimination.

The women's movement of the Sixties grew out of women's frustration with

Roe v. Wade

Supreme Court case that legalized abortion

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

The US government passed \____ in 1964, and this outlawed discrimination on the basis of sex.

Gloria Steinem

Ms. Magazine, a new magazine for women, was co-founded in 1972 by

National Organization for Women (NOW)

A group of activists who sought "true equality for all women"

Feminism

The theory that women & men are politically, socially, and economically equal

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

Law that would change the US Constitution to guarantee gender equality

Betty Friedan

Author of "The Feminine Mystique" - she later helped create the National Organization for Women

Phyllis Schlafly

Conservative activist who argued that the Equal Rights Amendment would lead to women serving in the military, end sex-segregated bathrooms, and harm the families of the US:

who travel from farm to farm to pick fruits and vegetables

Migrant farmworkers refers to those...

Ralph Nader

Who wrote the book "Unsafe At Any Speed", created several consumer advocacy groups, and eventually convinced Congress to pass a law about vehicle safety?

increasing

The number of Latinos (or Hispanics) in the US has been \____ in recent years.

people whose family origins are in Spanish speaking Latin America

The term Latinos (or Hispanics) refers to those...

social and political activism of Mexican Americans.

The Chicano Movement refers to

American Indian Movement

They sought compensation for broken treaties, autonomy, and the return of lost land

World War Two.

The Japanese American Citizens League sought compensations for losses during

Native Americans

Led by Dennis Banks and Russell Means, many \___ took part in a "Long March" from San Francisco to DC in 1972.

Cesar Chavez

Dolores Huerta and \____ convinced people all across the US to boycott California grapes to gain recognition for grape pickers.

UFW - United Farm Workers

A group founded by Cesar Chavez to organize Mexican field hands

Environmental Protection Agency

In 1970, environmental activists spurred Richard Nixon and Congress to create the

The Clean Water Act

This was created in 1973 to limit pollution of water by industry and agriculture

Toxic Waste

A poisonous byproduct of human activities

Nuclear Regulatory Commission

A government agency to oversee the use of nuclear power

chemicals such as DDT.

Rachel Carson's 1962 publication of "Silent Spring" exposed the harmful use of

Love Canal

The location in New York where a large number of people were getting cancer or having babies born with birth defects

Earth Day

This day of environmental activism is observed on April 22 (it was first observed in 1970)

at Three Mile Island.

The greatest danger at a nuclear power plant in the USA was

attempted to balance economic growth and the environment.

In Alaska during the 1970s, the federal government

The Clean Air Act

This was created to control pollution caused by industry and car emissions

Counterculture

movement that upheld values different from those of mainstream culture

Japanese American Citizens League

founded in 1929 to protect Japanese Americans' civil rights

Migrant farmworkers

person who travels from farm to farm to pick fruits and vegetables