IV. Science, Technology, and Nation Building

What does Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) refer to?

Engines of growth

What can Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) promote in the Philippines?

Economic and national development

Who promoted DOST initiatives aimed at maximizing the social and economic benefits of science and technology?

Secretary Mario G. Montejo

What agenda was aligned with the social contract of President Benigno Simeon C. Aquino III?

Five-Point Agenda

What was the first priority of the Five-Point Agenda regarding national problems?

DOST solutions to pressing national problems

What was the second priority of the Five-Point Agenda regarding countryside growth?

Develop appropriate technologies for countryside growth

What was the third priority of the Five-Point Agenda regarding industries?

Improve industry competitiveness

What was the fourth priority of the Five-Point Agenda regarding government and social services?

Use S&T to enhance government and social services

What was the fifth priority of the Five-Point Agenda regarding emerging technologies?

Build capacity in emerging technologies

Who wrote “Science, Technology, and Innovation in the Expanding Filipino Society”?

Aristotle P. Carandang

When was “Science, Technology, and Innovation in the Expanding Filipino Society” published?

December 28, 2011

What is the title of Aristotle P. Carandang’s work published on December 28, 2011?

Science, Technology, and Innovation in the Expanding Filipino Society

What approach did DOST use to strengthen cooperation among different sectors to address national problems?

Multi-Sectoral Approach

Which sectors did DOST cooperate with under the Multi-Sectoral Approach?

Private organizations, People’s organizations, Academic institutions, NGOs, Government agencies

PANGG

What was the goal of DOST’s Multi-Sectoral Approach?

Address national problems

What is the process of making science, technology, and innovation work together for national progress and to improve the lives of Filipinos called?

Nation Building

What law strengthened and coordinated scientific and technological research, development, and invention?

RA 2067 (Science Act of 1958)

What law created the Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT)?

RA 10844

What law established the Science and Technology Scholarship Program?

RA 7687

What law provides a framework for managing and commercializing intellectual property produced from government-funded research and development (R&D)?

RA 10055

What law is known as the Magna Carta for Scientists, Engineers, Researchers, and other government S&T personnel?

RA 8439

What law is known as the Philippine Inventors Incentive Act?

RA 3850

What law promotes organic agriculture in the Philippines?

RA 10068 (Organic Agriculture Act of 2010)

What law promotes biofuels, including bioethanol blending?

RA 9367 (Biofuels Act of 2006)

What executive order reorganized the FNRI and strengthened its mandate for food and nutrition research and addressing malnutrition?

EO No. 128, s. 1987

What does DICT stands for?

Department of Information and Communications Technology

What agency was reorganized under EO No. 128, s. 1987?

Food and Nutrition Research Institute

What field includes zoology, botany, biology, microbiology, biotechnology, and biomedical technologies?

Life Sciences

What field is important because of the Philippines’ rich biodiversity?

Botany and Biology

What field includes research on bioethanol and alternative feedstocks?

Biotechnology

What field includes mechanical, electrical, civil, structural, industrial, and transportation engineering?

Engineering

What field focuses on farming, fisheries, crop improvement, biotechnology, and increased food production?

Agriculture and Aquaculture

What field involves research and development of metals, steel products, machinery, and engineering technologies?

Metal Industry

What field studies food composition, processing, nutrition, and solutions to malnutrition?

Food and Nutrition

What field covers disease prevention, treatment, medical research, healthcare technology, and ICT-based health services?

Health and eHealth

What field includes Filipino research on Lunasin and its potential anti-cancer properties?

Anti-Cancer Research

What problem in science and mathematics education was identified due to many teachers lacking sufficient subject background?

Weak Science and Mathematics Education

In 1992, what percentage of mathematics teachers surveyed were qualified to teach their subject?

71%

In 1992, what percentage of general science teachers surveyed were qualified to teach their subject?

40%

In 1992, what percentage of biology teachers surveyed were qualified to teach their subject?

41%

In 1992, what percentage of chemistry teachers surveyed were qualified to teach their subject?

21%

In 1992, what percentage of physics teachers surveyed were qualified to teach their subject?

8%

What problem in science education resulted from insufficient funding for inadequate and outdated facilities, including school laboratories that makes it harder to improve science education?

Lack of Educational Facilities and Funding

What problem was shown by Filipino students’ low rankings in the 1996 Third International Mathematics and Science Study?

Low Student Performance

In what year did the Third International Mathematics and Science Study show low performance among Filipino 13-year-olds?

1996

In the 1996 Third International Mathematics and Science Study, what rank did Filipino 13-year-olds receive in mathematics out of 39 countries?

37th out of 39

In the 1996 Third International Mathematics and Science Study, what rank did Filipino 13-year-olds receive in science out of 41 countries?

40th out of 41

What problem in Philippine science and technology is characterized by few researchers, low spending, inadequate facilities, and low research output?

Low Research and Development Activity

What problem was identified in the Philippines due to the low number of scientists and engineers involved in R&D?

Few Scientists and Engineers

In 1992, how many R&D scientists and engineers were there per million people in the Philippines?

155

What was the UN-recommended number of R&D scientists and engineers per million people for less-developed Asian countries?

380

In what year was the Philippines’ number of R&D scientists and engineers measured at 155 per million people?

1992

What problem in Philippine research was caused by a shortage of laboratories and inadequate scientific resources, inadequate S&T libraries, information networks, and internet access.

Lack of Research Facilities

What problem was characterized by the Philippines’ very low share of international scientific publications?

Low Scientific Publication Output

In what year did the Philippines account for only 0.035% of international scientific publications?

1994

What percentage of international scientific publications did the Philippines account for in 1994?

0.035%

What was the Philippines’ worldwide rank in scientific publication output in 1994?

51st

What problem was identified due to the Philippines’ low gross domestic expenditure on research and development (R&D)?

Low R&D Spending

In 1992, what percentage of gross domestic expenditure did the Philippines spend on R&D?

0.22%

What was the UN target for gross domestic expenditure on R&D?

1%

In what year was the Philippines’ gross domestic expenditure on R&D measured at 0.22%?

1992

What problem involved inadequate financial support for scientists and engineers, science education, and technology commercialization?

Limited Support for Scientists and Innovation

What problem involved Philippine companies using relatively low-level technology and conducting minimal R&D?

Low-Level Technology in Local Industries

What type of manufacturing characterized much of the Philippine semiconductor industry?

Labor-intensive manufacturing

What type of activities often characterized IT work in the Philippines rather than knowledge-intensive activities?

Encoding and routine programming

What problem involved the Philippines ranking low in science and technology competitiveness internationally?

Low International Competitiveness

In the 1995 World Competitiveness Report, what was the Philippines’ rank in science and technology?

42nd out of 48

Which countries ranked ahead of the Philippines in science and technology in the 1995 report?

Singapore, China, Thailand, Malaysia

In what year did the World Competitiveness Report rank the Philippines low in science and technology competitiveness?

1995

What was the main concern about weak S&T development in the Philippines?

Limited ability to meet people’s basic needs and improve quality of life

Who developed the modern toy version of the yoyo that was later mass-produced?

Pedro Flores

What did Pedro Flores develop?

Modern yoyo

What Filipino innovation is an electric version of the traditional jeepney?

E-Jeepney

What Filipino innovation is an electric version of the traditional jeepney that is noiseless, smokeless, and less dependent on diesel fuel?

E-Jeepney

Who developed an improvised medical incubator for newborns in rural areas without electricity?

Fe del Mundo

What medical device did Fe del Mundo develop for newborns in rural areas without electricity?

Medical Incubator

What materials were used to make Fe del Mundo’s improvised incubator?

Native laundry baskets and hot-water bottles

Who discovered the Streptomyces erythreus strain associated with the development of erythromycin?

Abelardo Aguilar

What strain did Abelardo Aguilar discover?

Streptomyces erythreus

Where was the Streptomyces erythreus strain discovered?

Philippine soil

In what year was the Streptomyces erythreus strain discovered?

1949

What antibiotic was associated with the discovery of the Streptomyces erythreus strain?

Erythromycin

Who accidentally discovered patis from salted fish stored in jars?

Ruperta David (Aling Tentay)

What Filipino food product was accidentally discovered from salted fish stored in jars?

Patis (Fish Sauce)

In what year was Ruperta David’s business officially registered?

1949

Who developed banana catsup, calamansi nip, and Soyalac?

Maria Orosa y Ylagan

What food products did Maria Orosa y Ylagan develop that helped provide food during World War II?

Banana catsup, Calamansi nip, Soyalac

Who developed the DeBCC Anti-Cancer Cream?

Rolando dela Cruz

What was the DeBCC Anti-Cancer Cream developed from?

Cashew nuts and local herbs

What condition was the DeBCC Anti-Cancer Cream intended to treat?

Basal skin carcinoma

In what year did the DeBCC Anti-Cancer Cream win a gold medal?

2005

Who developed the Mole Remover?

Rolando dela Cruz

What was the Mole Remover formula based on?

Cashew nuts

In what year was the Mole Remover developed?

2000

What was the Mole Remover developed for?

Removing moles and warts

Who developed the 16-Bit Microchip / Single-Chip GUI Accelerator?

Diosdado Banatao

What technology did Diosdado Banatao develop to improve computer graphics processing using smaller chips?

16-Bit Microchip / Single-Chip GUI Accelerator

Who developed the Quink Quick-Drying Ink?

Francisco Quisumbing

What type of ink did Francisco Quisumbing develop?

Quink Quick-Drying Ink

What type of ink is quick-drying, water-resistant, and resistant to clogging, blotting, and fading?

Quink Quick-Drying Ink