ch 9 pt 2 - knee ankle and foot ppt

describe the patellofemoral joint

• holds patella in place ( onto of tibia and femur)

• Knee flexion causes patella to glide distally and laterally

• Knee extension causes patella to glide superiorly and medially

(Gliding articulation between trochlear grove of the femur and posterior patella )

Proximal and distal tibiofibular joints description nd location

Two articulations between tibia and fibula

• Slight movement

• Interosseous membrane 

• distal end contributes to ankle stability

talocrural joint movement and description

Structural classification: hinge- uniaxial

Movements: dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

what movement is the close pack position of the talocrural joint

maximal dorsiflexion

«subtler joints cause inversion and eversion of the ankle

« ligaments

transverse tarsal joint also help with inversion and eversion (don’t worry abt)

what muscles flex the knee

hamstrings and popliteus

describe the hamstrings

• Semimembranosus

• Semitendinosus

• Biceps femoris

what do the hamstrings do

• Extend the hip

• Flex knee

• Tilt pelvis posteriorly

The hamstring muscles provide acceleration when walking to contribute to functional mobility.

description of popliteus

• Medially rotates tibia

• Unlocks knee prior to flexion

(“The key that unlocks the knee”)

describe the quadriceps and its movement

• Rectus femoris: 2 joint 

• Vastus lateralis

• Vastus medialis

• Vastus intermedius

The quadriceps are powerful knee extensors and are active during transfers.

what are the dorsiflexors of the ankle and foot ( toe to sky)

• Tibialis anterior

• Extensor hallucis longus

• Extensor digitorum longus

active during swing phase of walking

what are the superficial plantar flexors of the ankle and foot

• Gastrocnemius

• Soleus

• Plantaris

( flex knee and ankle for acceleration activities ex: running)

deep plantar flexors of the ankle and foot

• Tibialis posterior

• Flexor digitorum longus

• Flexor hallucis longus

» invert foot

» plantar flex ankle

» active when on tippy toes

Lateral Compartment: Plantar Flexors of the Ankle and Foot

• Fibularis longus

• Fibularis brevis

act to evert the foot and plantar flex the ankle and are active when walking on uneven surfaces

what muscles are involved in knee flexion

biceps femoris

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

-

gracilis

sartorius 

knee extension muscles

rectus femoris

vastus lateralis

vastus medialis

vastus intermedius

internal rotation of knee muscles

hamstrings (Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus)

gracilis

sartorius 

external rotation of knee muscles

biceps femoris / hammy

plantar flexion muscles

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

tibialis posterior

fibularis longus

fibularis brevis

dorsiflexion muscles

tibialis anterior

extensor digitorum longus

extensor hallucis longus

which muscle is essential for safe transfers

quadriceps

what causes the body to be propelled forward

repetitive knee flexion

what is a foot drop and what is used to help it

• Inability to actively dorsiflex the ankle and foot - injury to fibulat nerve

• Ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) holds foot in passive, neutral position

circumduction gait

• Due to global weakness of the leg

• Leg swings forward

rolled ankle injury

• Inversion of ankle

• Elongating or rupturing lateral collateral ligaments

osteoarthirits

• Degeneration of joint surfaces due to wear and tear

injury with lateral or medial force would effect which ligaments

collateral ligaments

anterior, posterior, and torsional forces would effect which ligaments

cruciate ligaments