Week 1 Anatomy Flashcards

Intro, Nervous System, Back, Shoulder, Brachial Plexus

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

31

Somatic Nervous system controls…

Voluntary movements

Pain, temperature, pressure, touch sensations

Visceral Nervous system controls…

Viscera

Organ function, control of smooth muscle

fight or flight

Which direction does sensory information go?

Towards the CNS (Afferent)

Which direction does motor information go?

Away from CNS (Efferent)

What is dermatome?

A segment of skin innervated by sensory fibers of a single spinal nerve root.

What is myotome?

A group of muscles innervated by motor fibers of a single spinal nerve root.

The spinal cord is composed of what?

White matter (Axons) and Gray matter (Cell bodies)

Which fibers do posterior roots carry?

Afferent (sensory) in

Which fibers do anterior roots carry?

Efferent (motor) out

What is the axial skeleton composed of?

The axial skeleton is composed of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.

What is the appendicular skeleton composed of?

The appendicular skeleton is composed of the limbs and the girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton.

What is the pink dot locating in this image?

External occipital protuberance

What is the yellow dot locating in this image?

Mastoid process

What is the arrow locating in this image?

Glenoid Fossa

What is the blue dot locating in this image?

Spine of scapula

What is the orange dot locating in this image?

Acromion process

What is the green dot locating in this image?

Caracoid process

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

5

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

12

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

5

How many sacral vertebrae (fused; sacrum) are there?

5

What is the green dot locating in this image?

Body

What is teal dot locating in this image?

Arch; Pedicles

What is the pink dot locating in this image?

Arch; Laminae

What is the yellow dot locating in this image?

Transverse process

What is the dark blue dot locating in this image?

Spinous process

What is the white dot locating in this image?

Articular process with facets

What is the “X” locating in this image?

Vertebral foramen

What is this image showing?

Iliac crest

What is isometric contraction?

no movement, but muscle tension is increased to resist a force

What is isotonic contraction?

muscle changes in length (shortens) to produce movement

What is the teal line locating in this image?

Anterior Ramus; supplies anterior and lateral body wall

What is the green line locating in this image?

Posterior Ramus; supplies posterior body wall

Where is the proximal attachment for the trapezius?

Sup. nuchal line, spinous processes of C7-T12, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament

Where is the distal attachment for the trapezius?

Spine & acromion of scapula, lateral third of clavicle

What is the action of the trapezius?

Elevates, retracts, depresses, or upward rotation of scapula

What is the innervation of the trapezius?

Accessory Nerve

What is the proximal attachment for the latissimus dorsi?

Spinous pr. of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest

What is the distal attachment for the latissimus dorsi?

Humerus

What is the action of the latissimus dorsi?

Extends, adducts, medially rotates arm

What is the innervation for the latissimus dorsi?

Thoracodorsal nerve

What is the proximal attachment of the levator scapulae?

Transverse processes of C1-C4

What is the distal attachment of the levator scapulae?

Upper medial border of scapula

What is the action of the levator scapulae?

Elevates scapula, downward rotates glenoid fossa

What is the innervation for the levator scapulae?

Dorsal scapular nerve

What is the proximal attachment for the Rhomboid minor?

C7 and T1spinous processes

What is the distal attachment for the Rhomboid minor?

Medial border of scapula

What is the action of the Rhomboid minor?

Retracts scapula, downward rotates

glenoid fossa

What is the innervation of the Rhomboid minor?

Dorsal Scapular nerve

What is the proximal attachment for the Rhomboid major?

T2-T5 spinous processes

What is the distal attachment for the Rhomboid major?

Medial border of scapula

What is the action of the Rhomboid major?

Retracts scapula, downward rotates glenoid fossa

What is the innervation of the Rhomboid major?

Dorsal scapular nerve

What is unilateral or ipsilateral movement?

movement on one side

What is bilateral movement?

movement on both sides

What is the origin of the splenius?

Spinous processes of C7-T4, nuchal ligament

What is the insertion of the splenius?

 Mastoid pr. and sup. nuchal line (Splenius capitus) Transverse processes of C1-C4 (Splenius cervicis)

What is the action of the splenius?

Bilateral contraction – extend head/neck

Unilateral contraction – ipsilateral lateral flexion and rotation of the head

What is the innervation of the splenuis?

Posterior rami

What is the teal arrow locating in this image?

Spinalis

What is the green arrow locating in this image?

Longissimus

What is the purple arrow locating in this image?

Iliocostalis

What muscles are included in the erector spinae group?

Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis

What is the origin of the erector spinae group?

Broad tendon from iliac crest and sacrum, spinous processes of sacral and lumbar vertebrae

What is the action of the erector spinae group?

Unilateral: ipsilateral lateral flexion of vertebral column

Bilateral: extension of head and vertebral column

What is the innervation of the erector spinae group?

Posterior rami

What is the insertion for the spinalis?

Spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae

What is the insertion for the longissimus?

Ribs and transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae, mastoid process

What is the insertion for the Iliocostalis?

Ribs and transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

What muscles are included in the transversospinalis group?

Semispinalis, Multifidus, Rotatores

What is the origin of the transversospinalis group?

Transverse processes

What is the insertion for the transversospinalis group?

spinous processes

What is the action of the transversospinalis group?

Bilateral – extends vertebral column and head

Unilateral – contralateral rotation of vert. column and head, proprioception

What is the innervation of the transversospinalis group?

Posterior rami

Muscles work by getting ____

Shorter

The upper extremity consists of what 4 segments?

Pectoral Girdle (Shoulder)

Arm

Forearm

Hand

The red dot locates what in this image?

The sternoclavicular joint

The green dot locates what in this image?

Acromioclavicular joint

The blue dot locates what in this image?

coracoclavicular ligament

What is the proximal attachment for the Pectoralis major?

Clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages

What is the distal attachment for the Pectoralis major?

Humerus (intertubercular sulcus)

What is the action of the Pectoralis major?

Adducts & medially rotates arm

What is the innervation for the Pectoralis major?

Medial & lateral pectoral nn

What is the proximal attachment for the Pectoralis minor?

Ribs 3-5

What is distal attachment for the Pectoralis minor?

Coracoid process of scapula

What is the action of the Pectoralis minor?

Stabilizes scapula

What is the innervation for the Pectoralis minor?

Medial pectoral

What is the proximal attachment for the Serratus anterior?

Ribs 1-8

What is the distal attachment for the Serratus anterior?

Medial border of scapula

What is the action of the Serratus anterior?

Protraction of scapula

What is the innervation of the Serratus anterior?

Long thoracic nerve

What is the proximal attachment for the Deltoid?

Spine & acromion of scapula, lateral third of clavicle

What is the distal attachment for the Deltoid?

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

What is the action of the deltoid?

Ant – Flexion, medial rotation

Mid – Abduction

Post – Extension, lateral rotation

What is the innervation of the Deltoid?

Axillary nerve

What are the muscles of the rotator cuff?

Infraspinatus, supraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

What is the proximal attachment of the Supraspinous?

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

What is the distal attachment of the Supraspinous?

Greater tubercle of humerus

What is the action of the Supraspinous?

abducts humerus