reproductive system + inheritance + molecular genetics

Fill-in-the-blank style flashcards covering key concepts from the notes on Molecular Genetics, Reproduction in Humans, and Inheritance.

DNA is a double helix comprising two strands of __.

nucleotides

Each nucleotide is formed of a sugar, a phosphate group and one of four different __.

bases

A gene is a sequence of nucleotides, as part of a __ molecule.

DNA

A gene codes for one __.

polypeptide

DNA is used to carry the genetic code, which is used to synthesize specific __.

polypeptides

Sexual reproduction is the process involving the fusion of nuclei of male and female gametes to form a __.

zygote

The male reproductive system includes the testes, scrotum, sperm ducts, prostate gland, urethra and __.

penis

The female reproductive system includes the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix and __.

vagina

The fertile phase of the menstrual cycle is influenced by the hormone __.

progesterone

Fertilisation and early development of the zygote simply in terms of the formation of a ball of cells which becomes implanted in the wall of the __.

uterus

HIV transmission can be reduced by using __.

condoms

A unit of inheritance is a __.

gene

An alternative form of a gene is called an __.

allele

Homozygous means having two identical __ for a gene.

alleles

Heterozygous means having two different __ for a gene.

alleles

The observable characteristics of an organism are its __.

phenotype

The genetic makeup of an organism is its __.

genotype

In a simple monohybrid cross, the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation is __.

3:1

A mutation can be a change in the sequence of a gene such as in __ anaemia.

sickle cell

Ionising radiation (e.g. X-ray) and chemical mutagens are factors which may increase the rate of __.

mutation

Down syndrome involves having chromosomes.

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