3.3 COMPOSTING

Composting

controlled

decomposition of organic matter by

micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and

fungi, into a humus-like product.

PARTICLE SIZE
MOISTURE CONTENT
C:N RATIO
OXYGEN
PH

FACTORS AFFECTING COMPOST PROCESS

Particle Size

Smaller particles produce more homogeneous mixture and faster

decomposition

Moisture Content

Supply water to maintain microbial growth

C:N Ratio

Carbon provides energy for metabolism and synthesis of new cells

Nitrogen is used for cell growth and function

Oxygen

essential for metabolism and respiration of aerobic microorganism

used for oxidizing organic component of waste

pH

affects microbial activity and ammonia emission

WINDROW COMPOSTING

the production of

compost by piling in long rows.

1 m – 2 m high and 2 m – 5 m ; 4 months

It should be _____ wide

at the base. Typical composting time is around ___ (WINDROW)

AERATED STATIC PILE

The compost are aerated by a system of

perforated pipes placed in the layers of

compost pile.

2.4 m – 4.5 m ; 4 weeks

The compost mixture height generally ranges

from ____ and the width should be

twice the depth.

Typical composting time is around ___. (AERATED)

IN-VESSEL COMPOSTING SYSTEM

Organic material is enclosed on a

structure of container to control

temperature, moisture, and airflow

over specific detention time.

7-30 days

Composting time in this type is

around ____ depending on the

type of materials. (IN-VESSEL)

MORTALITY COMPOSTING

Composting as a method to manage

livestock mortalities (including mass

mortalities resulting from avian

influenza), butcher wastes and road

killed animals