Petroleum & Fractional Distillation

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Sequences goes from ______ (b.p., position in fractional distillation, viscosity)

Refinery, Petrol, Naphtha, Kerosene, Diesel, Fuel, Lubricating, Bitumen,
from up to down, from lower b.p. to higher b.p, from lower viscosity to higher viscosity

Boiling point increases downwards/upwards
Thus, volatility increases downwards/upwards

downwards; upwards

Refinery gas

1 to 4 Carbon atoms; b.p. < 25ºC

used for heating/cooking

Petrol

4 to 12 Carbon atoms; b.p 40ºC to 100ºC

gasoline for cars

Naphtha

7 to 14 Carbon atoms; b.p. 90ºC to 150ºC

used as chemical feedstock (chemical raw material used to support a large-scale chemical reaction)

Kerosene (paraffin)

9 to 16 Carbon atoms; b.p. 150ºC to 240ºC

used as fuel in jet engines

Diesel oil

14 to 18 Carbon atoms; b.p. 220ºC to 300ºC

Fuel oil

19 to 25 Carbon atoms; b.p. 250ºC to 320ºC

Lubricating oil

20 to 40 Carbon atoms; b.p. 300ºC to 350ºC

used to lubricate

Bitumen

more than 70 carbon atoms; b.p. > 350ºC

used to surface roads