COMM1000 Final Exam
Studied by 0 people
Knowt Play
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards1/191
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
|---|
No study sessions yet.
192 Terms
What are the three models of communication?
Linear Model, Transactional model, and Interactive model
3 multiple choice options
How does the linear model of communication work?
This model views communication as something that one person does to another, flowing in one direction.
3 multiple choice options
What is a source (in the context of communication models)?
The speaker, the person responsible for inventing the idea
3 multiple choice options
What is encoding?
The way that a speaker takes an abstract idea/notion and gives it meaning via through the application of symbols.
3 multiple choice options
What is a message?
The content or idea that the source initially wanted to prove to an audience.
3 multiple choice options
What is a channel?
The way that a speaker delivers their message (voice, online video platform, sign language)
3 multiple choice options
What is a receiver?
The audience of a message, the person who is getting the message.
3 multiple choice options
What is decoding?
The way that a receiver processes the symbols and draws meaning from them.
3 multiple choice options
What can cause confusion and prevent a speaker from conveying their message to a receiver?
Differing definitions of words and noise.
3 multiple choice options
What is the definition of noise (in the context of public speaking)?
Anything that can change the message after the source encodes and sends it.
3 multiple choice options
What are some physical examples of noise?
Other sounds, visual barriers, poor volume and projection (delivery problems), distractions in the room, hunger, tiredness, and other bodily limitations.
3 multiple choice options
What are some psychological examples of noise?
Preoccupation with other thoughts, emotional reactions to the topic, prejudice or ill will towards the speaker, unwillingness to listen, or resistance to the message.
3 multiple choice options
How does the interactive model of communication work?
This model takes into account that information flows in two directions, both sender and receiver are responsible for encoding and decoding messages.
3 multiple choice options
What is the main difference between the interactive model and the linear model?
The interactive model has feedback.
3 multiple choice options
What is the definition of feedback?
Essentially the receiver's response to the source's message, occurs after the message.
3 multiple choice options
Who can provide feedback in the interactive model?
Both source and receiver as the interactive model depicts a loop.
3 multiple choice options
What is the environment (in relation to public speaking)?
The context behind a message (includes many things)
3 multiple choice options
What are some examples of environmental effects?
Noise (as defined previously, psychological or environmental), beliefs, context, participants, history, relationships, physical setting, and values
3 multiple choice options
How is the transactional model of communication defined?
Recognizes communication is constant, we play roles of sender and receiver simultaneously in just about every interaction.
3 multiple choice options
Which model of communication is most applicable to day-to-day communication?
Transactional model of communication
3 multiple choice options
Which model of communication is the most complete/in-depth model?
Transactional model of communication
3 multiple choice options
What are the similarities between conversation and speech?
Audience-centered, attention to feedback, goal-driven, logic is required, stories for effect
3 multiple choice options
What are the differences between conversation and speech?
Language choices, level of organization, use of notes, interruptions, delivery style, physical arrangement
3 multiple choice options
What are some examples of public speaking myths?
Public speaking is a talent, not a skill; speech is easy, we do it all the time, there is no "right way" to deliver a speech
3 multiple choice options
What is a fear of public speaking commonly called?
Communication apprehension
3 multiple choice options
What is a phobia defined as?
persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation
3 multiple choice options
Is a phobia more or less serious than regular anxiety?
More serious; phobias are an intense activation of the instinct to avoid a threat even if it's irrational
3 multiple choice options
How is communication apprehension defined?
The fear or anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication with another or others
3 multiple choice options
Is communication apprehension specific to public speaking?
No; it can manifest in a variety of communication settings, and fear is an absolute term but apprehension is best understood on a linear scale.
3 multiple choice options
Do people with high degrees of communication apprehension typically begin working on their speech sooner or later?
Later, people with high degrees of communication apprehension typically procrastinate longer because they feel they won't succeed either way.
3 multiple choice options
What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?
When a person convinces themself that something will happen before it actually does.
3 multiple choice options
What are some physical effects of anxiety?
Elevated blood pressure, shortness of breath, skin tightening, and perspiration
3 multiple choice options
What are some helpful relaxation techniques?
Stretching, maybe join a yoga or pilates class to learn more in depth stretch techniques or have the opportunity to release tension to speech time, deep breathing, visualizing success, shifting perspective from presentation to viewing it as dialogue with the audience
3 multiple choice options
What are some things that you shouldn't compromise before giving a speech?
A good night's sleep, a healthy meal, and do not go hungry, and be sure to practice
3 multiple choice options
What are two examples of breathing exercises?
4-7-8 breathing and breath counting
3 multiple choice options
What is the name of the report to assess communication apprehension?
PRCA-24
3 multiple choice options
What is systematic desensitization?
a treatment for anxiety-producing activities in which the patient is exposed to progressively more anxiety-provoking stimuli and taught relaxation techniques.
3 multiple choice options
What is the definition of ethics?
morals and the specific moral choices to be made by a person (a way for somebody to make good, sound choices for themselves and their community)
3 multiple choice options
In what ways are public speaking dangerous?
Because you cannot unsay words, once you say something it cannot be taken back
3 multiple choice options
What has a larger affect: saying something wrong in an interpersonal conversation or saying something wrong during a speech?
Typically, saying something wrong during a speech is more serious because you may offend somebody in the audience and discredit yourself
3 multiple choice options
What areas of public speaking require an ethical approach?
Topic choice, research, language and delivery
3 multiple choice options
What ethical situations should we consider when choosing a topic?
Duty to do the best we can, duty to provide for our families, duty to the audience to seek good, and duty to employers/supervisors to achieve results
3 multiple choice options
What ethics are associated with research?
Sources, bias, plagiarism, and truthfulness of the research
3 multiple choice options
What questions can we ask to determine if a source is reliable?
Will this person benefit from getting me to believe this information? Is this person an expert in this area? Are the claims made substantiated? Is this source recent enough to be relevant?
3 multiple choice options
What is one of the greatest offenses a speaker can commit?
Plagiarism
3 multiple choice options
How is plagiarism defined? How many types of plagiarism are there?
by stealing or using somebody else's intellectual property or achievements and claim it as their own; three
3 multiple choice options
What are the three kinds of plagiarism?
Global, incremental, patchwork
3 multiple choice options
What is global plagiarism?
using a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one's own
3 multiple choice options
What is incremental plagiarism?
using a part of someone else's work and not citing it as a source
3 multiple choice options
What is patchwork plagiarism?
using ideas or language from more than one source and not citing them properly
3 multiple choice options
How is patchworking different from patchwork plagiarism?
Patchworking takes exact copies of sentences and alters some words in them without citing the source properly, while patchwork plagiarism uses ideas or language from more than one source and not citing them properly
3 multiple choice options
Should you verbally cite sources or cite them on your slides?
You must verbally reference your resources
3 multiple choice options
What are the four main things you should try to mention when verbally citing sources?
1) The name of the publication, 2) the date the source was published, 3) the author of the work/name of person providing information, 4) credentials of the source
3 multiple choice options
What should you consider about the ethics of language and delivery?
Maintain composure, describe people with respect, use gender-inclusive language, use language to collaborate, avoid profanity, balance simplicity and complexity, and balancing emotion and logic
3 multiple choice options
What are some examples of gender inclusive language?
Policeman to police officer
Mailman to mail carrier
Stewardess to flight attendant
Mankind to humankind
3 multiple choice options
What ethics are associated with being an audience member?
Keep an open mind, don't heckle, pay attention
3 multiple choice options
How is the word culture defined?
The distinctive ideas, customs, social behavior, products, or way of life of a particular nation, society, people, or period.
3 multiple choice options
What is a co-culture?
They are smaller specific cultures that exist alongside or within larger cultural groups.
3 multiple choice options
What is one particularly influential type of culture?
National culture
3 multiple choice options
What is the difference between cultures with high and low power distance?
High power distance cultures have high levels of inequality, while cultures with lower power distance have less inequality.
3 multiple choice options
What is the difference between high vs. low uncertainty avoidance?
High uncertainty avoidance cultures minimize uncomfortable/unstructured situations with strict rules while low uncertainty avoidance cultures are the opposite, they have fewer rules and are tolerant of change
3 multiple choice options
What is the difference between individualism and collectivism?
Individualist societies have loose ties between individuals and are every man/family for himself/themselves, while collectivist societies have strong community bonds
3 multiple choice options
What are the differences between masculinity and femininity?
Masculine cultures: men are typically assertive and competitive while women are only somewhat; feminine cultures men and women are both much more modest and caring
3 multiple choice options
What are the differences between long term and short term cultures?
Cultures with long-term orientation focus on future rewards (saving, persistence, adaptation), cultures with short-term orientation focus on present goals (national pride, tradition, social obligations, saving face in the here and now)
3 multiple choice options
What is the difference between cultures with indulgence vs restraint?
Indulgent cultures freely allow gratification of desires while restrained cultures have strict social norms and discourage simply out of want
3 multiple choice options
Do societies typically fall under one and only one category of culture?
No, cultures are viewed as a spectrum
3 multiple choice options
What is a low context culture?
A culture in which nonverbal cues are not emphasized very highly
3 multiple choice options
What is high context culture?
A culture in which nonverbal cues are emphasized very highly
3 multiple choice options
What is the difference between race and ethnicity?
Race refers to biological characteristics, and ethnicity refers to cultural characteristics.
3 multiple choice options
How is ideology defined?
Body of ideas a person holds, typically forms the basis for political beliefs, shaped by the family and society we grow up in
3 multiple choice options
How can we use language to make our message best understood?
Make the message accessible, don't highlight differences in others, avoid "ist" languages
3 multiple choice options
How is dialogue defined?
Speaking in a way that encourages others to listen and listening in a way that encourages others to speak, the goal of both the listener should be to understand rather than agree
3 multiple choice options
What does it mean to be ethnocentric?
Believing your culture or group's perspective is the only right one, thus causing you to prejudge somebody based on how well they conform to your ways
3 multiple choice options
What is a general purpose statement?
A brief (usually only a few words) sentence that describes the type or category of speech that you will prepare and deliver
3 multiple choice options
What is the general purpose statement of an informative speech?
"To inform," "To describe," or "To demonstrate"
3 multiple choice options
What is the general purpose statement of an persuasive speech?
"To persuade," or "To convince"
3 multiple choice options
What is the general purpose statement of a commemorative speech?
"To honor," "To commemorate," or "To celebrate"
3 multiple choice options
What is brainstorming?
Generating ideas for your topic and listing them as they come to mind
3 multiple choice options
What is a concept map (or a mind map)?
A visual representation of potential ideas
3 multiple choice options
What is the specific purpose statement?
A more concise statement than the GPS, serves as a guide as you go forward developing your speech: one declarative sentence that notes what you're talking about, how you're talking about it, and what you want the audience to take away
3 multiple choice options
Where does the thesis for your speech come from?
Rewording the specific purpose statement
3 multiple choice options
What are the five characteristics of information literacy?
Know why you want certain information, know where to get the information you seek, know how to assess the quality of the information you have found, create new knowledge (make connections between sources to prevent things in a new light), and be accountable for your use of information
3 multiple choice options
What are the three types of information?
background, unique, evidentiary
3 multiple choice options
List the web domains from most to least credible:
.gov, .edu, .com, .org, .net
3 multiple choice options
What is a boolean operator?
and, but, or; words used to focus a web search and make the search more narrowed down
3 multiple choice options
What are the two types of testimony in interviewing?
Peer testimony and expert testimony
3 multiple choice options
When interviewing a person, you should allow them to deviate from your specific question list if they bring up something interesting.
True
1 multiple choice option
Do you need to document sources once or twice when giving a speech?
Twice, once in outline and once verbally
3 multiple choice options
What are the three types of citations?
APA, MLA, and CMS
3 multiple choice options
What knowledge can you gain about your audience through direct observation?
Information about the company/organization you're speaking to, how many people will be in attendance, and the emotional disposition
3 multiple choice options
What are demographics?
Categories of definable characteristics of groups of people
3 multiple choice options
What are the two elements to audience analysis?
Direct observation and polling
3 multiple choice options
What are some other ways to gather information about the audience?
Contact persons, scientific surveys, and personal interviews
3 multiple choice options
What are the three types of supporting materials?
examples, statistics, testimony
What is a Likert scale?
A survey that provides a statement to which people circle a number that indicates the strength with which they agree or disagree
3 multiple choice options
What are the two types of examples?
real and hypothetical
3 multiple choice options
What is a real example?
One that is factual
3 multiple choice options
What is a hypothetical example?
One that is fictional
3 multiple choice options
What is the difference between a brief and an extended example?
Brief makes a quick point, while extended examples take more time and require more information/details
3 multiple choice options
What sort of example works best as an attention getter?
Brief examples, extended are best used within the speech
3 multiple choice options
Note 
Flashcards (66)