Cardiovascular Medications and Blood Pressure Regulation

These flashcards cover key concepts and important details related to cardiovascular medications and blood pressure regulation discussed in the lecture.

What is the equation for cardiac output?

Cardiac output equals heart rate times stroke volume.

What does preload refer to?

Preload is the amount of blood in the heart prior to contraction.

What is afterload?

Afterload is the pressure the heart must work against to pump blood.

What is the primary goal of antihypertensive therapy?

To achieve a systolic reading below 130 and a diastolic reading below 80.

What is the RAAS system?

The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, which regulates blood pressure.

What do ACE inhibitors do?

They block the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, decreasing blood pressure.

What is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors?

Patients may experience a dry cough.

What do angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) do?

They prevent the angiotensin II receptor from causing vasoconstriction and aldosterone release.

What is a common medication that falls under ARBs?

Losartan.

What do beta blockers do?

They decrease heart rate and contractility, lowering blood pressure.

What are common beta blockers?

Atenolol and metoprolol.

What risk is associated with abrupt discontinuation of beta blockers?

Risk of rebound excitation, leading to chest pain or heart attack.

What is the action of calcium channel blockers (CCBs)?

They prevent contraction of smooth muscles in the heart and dilate blood vessels.

What is a key medication under the category of direct acting vasodilators?

Hydralazine.

What is a major side effect of clonidine?

It can cause sedative effects, so it should be taken at night.

What is a potential hazard of taking clonidine suddenly off?

A rebound sudden rise in blood pressure.

What should nurses monitor in patients taking ACE inhibitors?

Potassium levels due to the risk of hyperkalemia.

What education should be provided regarding ACE inhibitors in relation to taste?

Patients may report a metallic taste and should avoid adding salt to food.

What should a patient do if developing angioedema from ARBs?

They need to call 911 or administer epinephrine.

Which medication could cause lupus-like symptoms?

Hydralazine.