Lesson 1: Communication Processes, Types, Levels, Functions, Principles and Ethics

Vocabulary flashcards covering the communication process, models, types according to mode and context, levels of interaction, and governing principles of effective communication.

Sender

The person who starts with an idea and wants to share it.

Encoding

The process of turning an idea into words, symbols, or actions.

Channel

The way the message travels, such as speech, writing, or email.

Receiver

The person who gets the message.

Decoding

The receiver interpreting the meaning of the message.

Feedback

The reply the receiver sends back to show they understood.

Noise

Any interference or barrier that blocks or changes the message.

Context

The situation or environment where the exchange takes place.

Shannon-Weaver’s Model ($1948$)

A communication model created by mathematicians Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver that introduced the concept of noise.

David Berlo’s Model ($1960$)

A communication model introduced in the year $1960$.

Communication mode

Refers to the channel through which one uses to express his intent.

Intrapersonal Communication

A type of communication that means talking to oneself.

Interpersonal Communication

An interactive exchange between or among interlocutors.

Extended Communication

Communication involving the use of electronic media such as tele-audio, phone conferencing, and video conferencing.

Organizational Communication

A type of communication that focuses on the role that communication plays in an organizational context.

Downward communication

A formal structure approach where message flow moves from an upper position to a lower position.

Upward communication

A formal structure where subordinates send communication to their bosses.

Horizontal communication

A lateral approach that takes place among people belonging to the same level but coming from different departments.

Crosswise communication

A diagonal approach where employees from different units or departments working at various levels communicate with each other.

Informal structure

Communication that comes from unofficial channels of message flow.

Intercultural communication

The interaction between or among people having different linguistic, religious, ethnic, social, and professional backgrounds.

Formal communication

Communication that employs formal language delivered orally or in written form, such as lectures, research proposals, and reports.

Informal Communication

Communication that does not employ formal language and involves personal conversations with friends or family for the purpose of socializing.

Clich Communication

Uses conventional, overused expressions to establish rapport, break the ice, or end a conversation.

Factual communication

Uses events, observations, and offers knowledge to others in a manner called chit chat or small talk.

Evaluative communication

Communication that offers opinions, ideas, and judgments to others, which may result in conflict.

Gut-level communication

A level of communication that involves sharing our emotions and feelings with others.

Peak communication

The highest level of communication, also called communal-level communication, which is rare even among close friends.

Informative Function

The use of communication to inform other people of facts, information, and knowledge.

Instructive Function

Communication used by people in higher rank or older individuals to instruct people on how and why to do things.

Persuasive Function

Communication intended to influence the opinion of others to believe and accept a specific stand or claim.

Motivation Function

Communication used to entice and direct people to act and reach their objectives or goals in life.

Aesthetic Function

The use of communication for pleasure and enjoyment.

Therapeutic Function

Also called Emotional Expression, this function is curative and serves to maintain good health.

Regulation or Control

The use of communication to maintain control over other people’s attitude and behavior.

Social Interaction

Function of communication that helps start, maintain, regulate, or end relationships with other people.

The $7$Cs

The principles of effective written communication: clear, concise, concrete, correct, coherent, complete, and courteous.

Ethics of Communication

Regulates behavior through honesty, decency, truthfulness, sincerity, and moral uprightness.