Housing and Poverty: Key Concepts

These flashcards cover key concepts related to housing, poverty, sociology theories, and social dynamics, aiding in the review of essential terms and their definitions for exam preparation.

Bourgeoisie

The class of people who own the means of production, characterized as owners of factories, land, and capital.

Proletariat

The working class that sells their labor to earn a living and does not own the means of production.

Stratification

A hierarchical arrangement of individuals based on wealth, power, and prestige in society.

Social Stratification

The categorization of people into different layers or strata within a society.

The Davis and Moore Hypothesis

Suggests that stratification ensures that important positions are filled by qualified individuals.

Tumin's Critique of Davis and Moore

Argues that stratification limits equal opportunity and mobility for individuals.

Conflict Theory

A theory that emphasizes power struggles and the conflicts that arise from inequality, associated with Karl Marx.

Functionalism

A sociological approach that views society as a system of interrelated parts working together for stability.

Symbolic Interactionism

A micro-level theory that focuses on the meanings created through social interaction.

Deviance

Behavior that violates social norms and expectations.

Strain Theory

A theory that explains deviance as a result of blocked opportunities to achieve socially accepted goals.

Labeling Theory

Explains that deviance occurs when an individual is labeled as deviant, leading to a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Primary Deviance

Minor rule-breaking that does not lead to an individual being labeled as deviant.

Secondary Deviance

Occurs when an individual's identity is shaped by a deviant label, leading to further deviant behavior.

Geographical Context

The influence of location on social and economic mobility.

Intersectionality

A framework that examines how race, class, and gender intersect to shape individual experiences.

Gender Performativity

The concept that gender identity is constructed through repeated social performances rather than being a fixed identity.

Looking-glass Self

Charles Horton Cooley's concept that an individual's self-concept is influenced by how they believe others perceive them.

Dramaturgy

Erving Goffman's perspective comparing social interactions to theatrical performances, emphasizing role-playing.

Scientific Method in Sociology

A systematic process for generating knowledge through observation and testing.

Social Facts

External, coercive forces that shape individual behavior, such as laws, norms, and values.

Manifest Functions

The intended and recognized outcomes of a social phenomenon.

Latent Functions

The unintended and often unrecognized consequences of a social phenomenon.