Exercise Physiology - Hormonal Control During Exercise

These flashcards cover the key terms and concepts related to hormonal control during exercise as discussed in the lecture.

Pulsatile Secretion

Hormone secreted in bursts, leading to fluctuating plasma concentrations over time.

Steroid Hormones

derived from cholesterol, lipid soluble, and pass through cell membranes to activate internal receptors.

Peptide Hormones

made up of amino acids, generally not lipid soluble and act on receptors on cell membranes.

Second Messengers

Molecules that relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface, triggering cellular responses.

Receptor Upregulation

An increase in the number of receptors on a cell surface, enhancing cell sensitivity to a hormone.

Receptor Downregulation

A decrease in the number of receptors on a cell surface, reducing cell sensitivity to a hormone.

Catecholamines

Hormones released by the adrenal medulla that prepare the body for 'fight or flight' responses.

Insulin

A hormone produced by the pancreas that lowers blood glucose levels by facilitating glucose uptake into cells.

Glucagon

A hormone produced by the pancreas that raises blood glucose levels by promoting gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis.

Gluconeogenesis

The metabolic process of generating glucose from non-carbohydrate substrates.

FFA Mobilization

The process of breaking down triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol, especially during exercise.

Thyroid Hormones

Hormones that regulate metabolic rates, protein synthesis, and the number and size of mitochondria in cells.

Growth Hormone (GH)

An anabolic hormone that promotes muscle growth and regulates metabolism during exercise.