VOCAB Unit 1: AP lang

Writer

a unique voice with values and beliefs written in text.

Audience

The people who hear and read your writing and have a variety of values and beliefs.

Purpose

The goals the writer or speaker wants to achieve

Speaker

A unique voice with values and beliefs delivered through a speech.

Facts

objective information that is hard to disagree with

Experts Opinions

Statements made by people with specific knowledge of the topic

Message

What the writer/speaker wants to convey/main points

Summarize

Condense key information from a source in your own words, leaving out some details.

Statistics

Numerical facts or data

Paraphrase

You rewrite the author’s ideas in your own words

Illustrations

examples meant to clarify or prove something; make the claim feel more realistic.

Quote

a source, you use an author’s exact words and crediting/citing it.

Experiments

scientific procedures that test hypotheses and rely on observable, measurable, and reproducible results

Examples

specific instances that demonstrate something relevant to the claim

Analogies

Comparisons between two things used to explain or clarify a point.

Testimonies

formal written or spoken statements provided as evidence

Personal Observations

Writer’s conclusions based on their experiences

Anecdotes

Short, real life stories used to illustrate a point; how claim might matter in the real world

Reasoning

Showing your audience how you think through your argument and how the evidence supports the claim

Evidence

Information or prove an idea is valid/true

Position

Your stance/opinion on a topic

Claim

A statement (not a fact) that needs to be defended; explaining why what you said is true

Context

The time, place, occasion that surrounds the text and shape its meaning.

Exigence

The problem the essay or speech addresses; the impetus

Rhetorical Situation

of a text that collectively refers to the exigence, purpose, audience, writer, context, and message. Make key decisions about WHAT to say and HOW to say it.