AP Human Geography U8

apartheid

laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas

Balkanization

the process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities

Balkanized

a small geographic area that cannot successfully be organized into stable countries because it is inhabited by many ethnicities with complex, long-standing antagonisms toward each other

blockbusting

a process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood

centripetal force

an attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state

ethnic cleansing

a purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violent and terror-inspiring means the civilian population of another ethnic or religious group from certain geographic areas

ethnic enclave

a place with a high concentration of an ethnic group that is distinct from those in the surrounding area

ethnicity

identity with a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth

ethnoburb

a suburban area with a cluster or a particular ethnic population

genocide

the mass killing of a group of people in an attempt to eliminate the entire group from existence

Jim Crow

ethnic discrimination especially against blacks by legal enforcement or traditional sanctions

nationalism

loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality

nationality

identity with a group of people who share legal attachment to a particular country

Plessy v. Ferguson

1896 U.S. Supreme Court case that made it legal for states to provide "separate but equal" treatment of blacks and whites

race

identity with a group of people who are perceived to share a physiological trait, such as skin color

racism

the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that all racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race

racist

a person who subscribes to the beliefs of racism

sharecropper

a person who works fields rented from a landowner and pays the rest and repays loans by turning over to the landowner a share of the crops

triangular slave trade

a practice, primarily during the eighteenth century, in which European ships transported slaves from Africa to Caribbean islands, molasses from the Caribbean to Europe, and trade goods from Europe to Africa