4-4_-_Post-transcriptional_regulation

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16 Terms

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Post-transcriptional regulation

The regulation that occurs after transcription initiation and before protein production.

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Transcriptional attenuation

A regulation that involves terminating mRNA synthesis before genes are transcribed.

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Ribonucleases (RNases)

Enzymes that degrade mRNAs, influencing mRNA stability and half-life.

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Ribosome Binding Site (RBS)

A sequence in mRNA where the ribosome attaches to initiate translation.

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sRNAs (small RNAs)

Noncoding regulatory RNAs that affect gene expression by base-pairing with target mRNAs.

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Hfq

An RNA chaperone essential for mediating the interaction between sRNAs and target mRNAs.

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Riboswitches

Ligand-binding RNAs that change structure upon binding a small molecule, regulating gene expression.

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Aptamer

An RNA domain in a riboswitch that binds a ligand, affecting mRNA structure and function.

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Feedback inhibition

A regulatory mechanism where an end product inhibits an enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway.

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Proteases

Enzymes that degrade proteins, recycling building blocks and regulating protein levels.

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Post-translational modifications

Chemical alterations of a protein after translation that can change its activity.

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Stem-loop structures

RNA structures that can sequester the RBS, blocking translation.

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Transcriptional terminator

A sequence that stops transcription, potentially affecting downstream gene expression.

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mRNA half-life

The duration before mRNA is degraded, influencing protein production amounts.

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Regulatory proteins/RNAs

Molecules that can bind to mRNA, impacting its stability and function.

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Intrinsic transcriptional terminators

Sequences that enable RNA polymerase to terminate transcription without assistance from proteins.